31 December - Sir Ben Kingsley birth anniversary

 

Sir Ben Kingsley, born Krishna Pandit Bhanji on 31 December 1943, in Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, is a renowned British actor known for his versatility and powerful performances across film, television, and stage. With a career spanning over five decades, Kingsley has become one of the most respected figures in the entertainment industry.

Born to an Indian father, Rahimtulla Harji Bhanji, a physician of Gujarati descent, and an English mother, Anna Lyna Mary, an actress and model, Kingsley grew up with a diverse cultural heritage. He adopted the stage name "Ben Kingsley" to avoid typecasting due to his ethnic name as he pursued a career in acting.

Kingsley achieved international acclaim for his portrayal of Mahatma Gandhi in Richard Attenborough's film Gandhi (1982), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The role remains one of his most iconic performances. Over the years, he has demonstrated his range by taking on a wide array of roles, from historical figures and dramatic leads to villains and comedic characters.

His extensive filmography includes celebrated works such as Schindler's List (1993), House of Sand and Fog (2003), Hugo (2011), Iron Man 3 (2013), and Sexy Beast (2000). Kingsley has earned numerous accolades, including a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Awards, in addition to his Oscar.

In 2002, Kingsley was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to the arts. Beyond acting, he is an advocate for humanitarian causes and uses his platform to raise awareness about social issues.

Sir Ben Kingsley's legacy is a testament to his exceptional talent, dedication to his craft, and ability to bridge cultures through his work.

31 December - Tupolev Tu-144 first civilian supersonic transport aircraft, took to the skies

 

On 31 December 1968, the Tupolev Tu-144, the world's first civilian supersonic transport aircraft, took to the skies for its maiden flight. Developed by the Soviet Union's Tupolev design bureau, the Tu-144 was a groundbreaking achievement in aviation, preceding its Western counterpart, the Concorde, by two months.

The maiden flight, piloted by Eduard Yelyan, lasted 37 minutes and marked a milestone in aerospace technology, showcasing the Soviet Union's capability to produce cutting-edge aircraft. The Tu-144 was designed to reach speeds exceeding Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound) and was envisioned to revolutionize air travel by drastically reducing flight times for long-haul routes.

Despite its technological achievements, the Tu-144 faced numerous challenges, including high operational costs, limited range, and safety concerns. These issues, combined with competition from Concorde and a lack of commercial viability, led to its limited use. The Tu-144 entered passenger service in 1977 but was retired from commercial operation in 1978 after only 55 flights.

While its operational lifespan was short, the Tu-144 remains a symbol of Cold War-era innovation and ambition. It contributed valuable knowledge to supersonic aviation and inspired further research in high-speed air travel.

31 December - Karl Benz applied for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine in 1878

On 31 December 1878, Karl Benz, a pioneering German engineer, achieved a significant milestone in automotive history by filing for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine. Working in Mannheim, Germany, Benz's innovation laid the groundwork for the modern internal combustion engine. This invention marked the beginning of his journey toward creating the world's first automobile powered by a gas engine, a development that would revolutionize transportation and industry.

The two-stroke engine design was a key step in Benz's efforts to develop a self-propelled vehicle. The engine's efficiency and reliability were crucial improvements over existing steam-powered technologies, setting the stage for further advancements. This patent represents the early stages of Benz's remarkable contributions to automotive engineering, culminating in the creation of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1885, widely regarded as the first true automobile.

Karl Benz's work not only demonstrated his technical ingenuity but also ushered in an era of rapid innovation in personal and commercial mobility. Today, his legacy lives on through the continued prominence of internal combustion engines and the global automotive industry.

31 December - Shrilal Shukla birth anniversary

 

Shrilal Shukla was a renowned Indian author and satirist, best known for his works in Hindi literature. He was born on 31 December 1925, and passed away on 28 October 2011. Shrilal Shukla's literary contributions have had a significant impact on the world of Hindi literature, particularly through his satirical and realistic writings.

Key points about Shrilal Shukla and his literary career:

1. Notable Works: Shrilal Shukla is best known for his novel "Raag Darbari," which is considered a classic of modern Hindi literature. This satirical novel paints a vivid picture of rural life and politics in post-independence India, and it remains one of his most celebrated works.

2. Satirical Style: Shukla's writing is characterized by sharp and incisive satire, often directed at the political and social issues of his time. His works provide a critical examination of the political and bureaucratic systems in rural India.

3. Career: He had a distinguished career in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and brought his deep understanding of the administrative machinery to his literary works. His experiences in government service greatly influenced the themes and characters in his novels.

4. Awards: Shrilal Shukla received several awards and honors during his lifetime, including the Sahitya Akademi Award for "Raag Darbari" in 1969.

5. Legacy: Shrilal Shukla's works continue to be widely read and studied in Hindi literature. He is considered a literary giant who used his writing to comment on and critique the complexities of Indian society.

Shrilal Shukla's literary contributions, especially "Raag Darbari," have made a lasting impact on Hindi literature, and his satirical style has resonated with readers and scholars alike, making him an enduring figure in Indian literature.

31 December - World Peace Meditation Day

 

World Peace Meditation Day, observed annually on 31 December is a global call to unite people in meditation and reflection for the purpose of fostering peace and harmony across the world. This day, celebrated at the culmination of the year, encourages individuals and communities to focus their collective energy on promoting love, understanding, and unity. Rooted in the belief that inner peace is the foundation for societal harmony, the day serves as a reminder of the profound impact of mindfulness and meditation in transforming conflict into cooperation. Participants from diverse cultures, religions, and backgrounds engage in synchronized meditation sessions, prayers, and affirmations to amplify the intention of global peace. Many events feature workshops on mindfulness, community gatherings, and artistic expressions like music and poetry that emphasize themes of compassion and unity. By addressing both personal and collective grievances through reflective practices, the day inspires emotional healing and a commitment to peaceful coexistence. As a bridge to the New Year, World Peace Meditation Day invites everyone to renew their dedication to creating a more compassionate and harmonious world, starting from within.

31 December - Queen Victoria announced Ottawa to be the capital of the British colony of Canada in 1857

 

The selection of Ottawa as the capital of the Province of Canada was made by Queen Victoria's royal proclamation on 31 December 1857. Ottawa was chosen to replace Kingston as the capital, primarily because of its more central location between the cities of Montreal and Toronto, reducing the risk of American invasions and promoting national unity.

The Province of Canada was a British colony formed by the union of the provinces of Canada West (present-day Ontario) and Canada East (present-day Quebec) following the Act of Union in 1840. The decision to choose Ottawa reflected a desire for a more defensible and centrally located capital for the unified colony.

The actual construction and development of Ottawa as the capital took place in the subsequent years. The Parliament Buildings and other key government structures were established, and Ottawa officially became the capital of the Province of Canada when Queen Victoria issued a Royal Charter in 1859. The city continued to serve as the capital when Canada became a self-governing dominion within the British Empire in 1867 and eventually as the capital of the independent nation of Canada in 1867.

31 December - Commemorative postage stamps issued on Geographical Indication (GI) Registered Handicraft Products

 

A Miniature sheet consisting of 5 nos. of Commemorative postage stamps issued on  31 December 2018. The Geographical Indication (GI) Registered Handicraft Products: 

1.Blue Pottery of Jaipur :

 Blue Pottery of Jaipur is a traditional style of ceramic ware that originated in the city of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It is known for its distinctive blue and white color palette, along with intricate floral and geometric patterns. 

 2.Karnataka Bronzeware:

Karnataka Bronzeware refers to the traditional art of crafting bronze or brass metal into intricate sculptures, utensils, and other decorative items in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. This craft has a rich heritage and is deeply rooted in the cultural and religious traditions of the region.

3. Kutch Embroidery :

Kutch embroidery, also known as Kutchi or Kachchhi embroidery, is a traditional style of hand embroidery that originates from the Kutch region in the Indian state of Gujarat. This form of embroidery is known for its vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and skilled craftsmanship. Kutch embroidery holds cultural significance and is often used to embellish textiles such as garments, accessories, and home decor items.

4.Maddalam of Palakkad

The Maddalam is a traditional double-headed barrel-shaped drum that is integral to the percussion ensemble in the classical music of South India, especially in the state of Kerala. The term "Maddalam" is often used generically to refer to this type of drum, but there are regional variations. The Maddalam of Palakkad, specifically, refers to the version of the drum associated with the Palakkad district in Kerala.

5. Sikki Grass Products of Bihar

Sikki grass (also known as golden grass or Madurkathi) is a type of grass native to the wetlands of Bihar, particularly in the Madhubani district. The grass is known for its fine and shiny texture, making it suitable for various crafts. The artisans of Bihar use Sikki grass to create a range of products, and the craft has been recognized for its intricate and traditional designs.

GI is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific geographical Indication as a certification that the product possession certain qualities is made according to traditional methods or enjoys a good reputation due to its geographical origin .

30 December - The formal transfer of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States in 1803

 

The formal transfer of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States on December 30, 1803, was a landmark moment in American history. This transfer, known as the Louisiana Purchase, had been agreed upon earlier in the year, on April 30, 1803, when representatives from the two nations signed a treaty.

Key Details:

• Seller: France, under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Buyer: The United States, under President Thomas Jefferson.
• Price: $15 million (approximately 4 cents per acre).
• Size of the Territory: About 828,000 square miles, doubling the size of the United States at the time.
• Strategic Importance:
  • It provided the U.S. control over the Mississippi River.
  • It secured the port of New Orleans, vital for trade.
  • It opened vast tracts of land for westward expansion.

The purchase is considered one of the most significant achievements of Jefferson’s presidency and a turning point in U.S. history, laying the groundwork for the nation's Manifest Destiny.

30 December - Titus birh anniversary

 

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus, was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 79 to 81 AD. He was the elder son of Emperor Vespasian and became emperor after his father's death. Titus is best known for completing the construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, known as the Colosseum, in Rome. His short reign was marked by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.

30 December - The Gadsden Purchase

 

The Gadsden Purchase, also known as the Treaty of La Mesilla, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico that took place on 30 December 1853. The purchase involved a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. The primary purpose of the Gadsden Purchase was to facilitate the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad route.

The negotiators on behalf of the United States were James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico, and the Mexican government was represented by General Antonio López de Santa Anna. The United States paid Mexico $10 million for the land, which amounted to nearly 29,670 square miles (about 76,800 square kilometers).

The Gadsden Purchase resolved some border issues left unsettled by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ended the Mexican-American War. The acquisition of this land was driven by the strategic interests of establishing a southern route for a transcontinental railroad, which was seen as crucial for economic and military reasons.

Ultimately, the Gadsden Purchase did not lead to the establishment of the envisioned southern transcontinental railroad. Instead, the main transcontinental route was built further north. The land acquired through the Gadsden Purchase did, however, become important for the development of the American Southwest and played a role in the history of the region.

 

30 December - Tiger woods birthday

 

Tiger Woods, whose full name is Eldrick Tont Woods, is a professional golfer widely considered one of the greatest in the history of the sport. Born on 30 December 1975, in Cypress, California, he began playing golf at a very young age and quickly gained attention for his exceptional talent.

Woods turned professional in 1996 and, in his first year, won three PGA Tour events. His dominance in golf reached its peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Tiger Woods has won numerous major championships, including the Masters Tournament, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship. His achievements include completing the career Grand Slam three times over.

In addition to his on-course success, Woods has had a significant impact on the popularization and commercialization of golf. He has faced personal and health challenges, including injuries and surgeries, but has made comebacks to competitive golf.

Outside of his athletic career, Tiger Woods has been involved in philanthropy through the Tiger Woods Foundation, which focuses on educational programs for children. His impact on golf and sports, in general, is immense, and he remains a highly influential figure in the world of athletics.

30 December - Soviet Union Founded

 

The Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was founded on 30 December 1922. The establishment of the Soviet Union marked the consolidation of power by the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, following the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and eventually emerged as the ruling party, leading to the establishment of the world's first socialist state. The Soviet Union existed until its dissolution on 26 December 1991, after a period of economic and political upheaval, marking the end of the Cold War era.

29 December - INS Mysore commissioned in 1957

 

The original INS Mysore (C60), a cruiser of the Indian Navy, was commissioned on December 29, 1957. This ship was formerly HMS Nigeria, a Fiji-class cruiser of the Royal Navy, before being acquired and refurbished by India. Named after the city of Mysore, the cruiser played a significant role in the Indian Navy's operations and symbolized India's growing naval capabilities during the mid-20th century.

Key Features of INS Mysore (C60):

• Displacement: Approximately 8,000 tons.
• Armament: The ship was equipped with a variety of guns, including six 6-inch guns in twin turrets, dual-purpose anti-aircraft guns, and anti-submarine weapons.
• Speed: Powered by steam turbines, the ship could reach speeds of up to 33 knots.
• Role: Designed for surface combat, anti-aircraft defense, and fleet support.

Service and Legacy:

INS Mysore served as the flagship of the Indian Navy during its early years and participated in key operations, including the liberation of Goa in 1961. The ship also played a prominent role in international goodwill missions, representing India in naval exercises and diplomatic visits.

The cruiser remained in service until the mid-1980s, after which it was decommissioned. Its legacy as one of the pioneering warships of independent India remains significant, symbolizing a transitional phase in India's naval history. It was decommissioned on August 20, 1985

29 December - Pablo Casals birth anniversary

Pau Casals, also known as Pablo Casals, was born on December 29, 1876, in El Vendrell, a small town in Catalonia, Spain, and died on October 22, 1973, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. A towering figure in classical music, Casals is universally acclaimed as one of the greatest cellists in history. He was instrumental in elevating the cello to prominence as a solo instrument, particularly through his pioneering revival and interpretation of Johann Sebastian Bach's Cello Suites. Casals discovered the neglected suites at the age of 13 and spent over a decade perfecting his interpretation before performing them publicly, transforming them into cornerstone pieces of the cello repertoire.

Casals' early musical talent was nurtured by his family and formal studies at the Barcelona Municipal School of Music and the Madrid Royal Conservatory. His international career began in earnest in the early 20th century, and he quickly gained fame for his profound artistry, technical brilliance, and emotionally rich performances. In addition to his solo career, he co-founded the legendary Casals Trio with pianist Alfred Cortot and violinist Jacques Thibaud, further solidifying his reputation as a chamber musician.

A man of strong principles, Casals became an ardent advocate for democracy and human rights. Deeply affected by the Spanish Civil War, he openly opposed Francisco Franco's fascist regime and went into voluntary exile after Franco's victory. Refusing to perform in countries that recognized Franco’s dictatorship, Casals used his platform to call attention to the plight of oppressed people and became a global symbol of peaceful resistance.

In his later years, Casals dedicated himself to promoting peace and unity through music. He composed the Hymn of the United Nations and conducted its performance at the United Nations headquarters in 1971, the same year he was awarded the UN Peace Medal. Casals spent his final years in Puerto Rico, his mother’s homeland, where he continued to compose, teach, and organize the prestigious Casals Festival, ensuring his enduring influence on the world of music.

His passing marked the end of an era, but his legacy lives on through his recordings, humanitarian efforts, and the institutions and festivals that bear his name, continuing to inspire musicians and advocates for peace worldwide.

29 December - Tick Tock Day

 

Tick Tock Day is observed annually on December 29 and serves as a reminder for people to complete any unfinished goals or tasks before the end of the year. As the clock ticks down on the calendar year, it encourages reflection on the resolutions and objectives set at the beginning of the year, motivating individuals to tie up loose ends and make the most of the remaining time.

Key Aspects of Tick Tock Day:

• Reflection: The day prompts a review of accomplishments and pending tasks from the past year.
• Motivation: It inspires action, encouraging people to address projects or commitments they’ve postponed.
• Preparation for the New Year: By completing unfinished business, individuals can enter the new year with a clean slate and a sense of accomplishment.

While not as widely recognized as other holidays, Tick Tock Day serves as a practical nudge for productivity and mindfulness, making it a useful observance for personal growth and goal-setting enthusiasts.

29 December - Jimmy Carter death

James Earl Carter Jr., commonly known as Jimmy Carter, was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. He served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. Before his presidency, Carter was the Governor of Georgia and a Georgia State Senator, establishing a reputation as a progressive leader in the South. His presidency is best remembered for its focus on human rights, exemplified by his foreign policy achievements such as the Camp David Accords, which brokered peace between Egypt and Israel, and the Panama Canal Treaties, which ensured the transfer of the Panama Canal to Panamanian control. Domestically, he emphasized energy conservation and renewable energy development, creating the Department of Energy in response to the 1970s energy crisis. However, his administration faced significant challenges, including the Iran Hostage Crisis, economic stagflation, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

After leaving office, Carter dedicated himself to humanitarian work, founding the Carter Center in 1982 to promote peace, democracy, and health worldwide. His efforts in eradicating diseases, monitoring elections, and mediating conflicts earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. A long-time advocate for affordable housing, Carter also worked extensively with Habitat for Humanity, building homes for those in need well into his later years. Though his presidency is often debated, his post-presidential contributions have solidified his legacy as one of the most impactful former presidents in U.S. history, known for his integrity, compassion, and lifelong commitment to service.

passed away on December 29, 2024, at his home in Plains, Georgia, at the age of 100. His son, James E. Carter III, confirmed his death. This followed Carter's decision in February 2023 to enter hospice care.

29 December - International Cello Day

 

International Cello Day is celebrated annually on 29 December honoring the life and contributions of Pablo Casals, one of the greatest cellists in history. Casals, born on 29 December 1876, revolutionized the way the cello was played and appreciated, bringing it to the forefront as a solo instrument.

This day is an opportunity to celebrate the cello’s beauty, its rich repertoire, and the musicians who dedicate their lives to mastering it. Events on International Cello Day often include:

• Concerts and recitals by cellists around the world.
• Workshops and masterclasses to inspire and train the next generation of cellists.
• Community performances in schools and public spaces to share the cello’s music with wider audiences.
• Sharing recordings and stories of iconic cellists like Pablo Casals, Jacqueline du Pré, and Yo-Yo Ma.

29 December - Mongolia declares its independence from China

 

The most significant period in Mongolia's modern history regarding its independence from China was marked by the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 and the subsequent declaration of the Republic of China. During this time, Mongolia sought to establish its autonomy. The Bogd Khan, a spiritual leader, declared the independence of Mongolia from Chinese rule on 29 December 1911.

The situation in Mongolia continued to evolve, and external factors, including the Russian Revolution of 1917, played a role. Mongolia sought support from Soviet Russia, and in 1921, with the help of Russian and Mongolian revolutionaries, Mongolia declared itself a People's Republic. This move marked a shift toward closer ties with Soviet influence, and Mongolia became the second communist country in the world after the Soviet Union.

While the details of Mongolia's struggle for independence involve complex historical dynamics, there is no widely recognized historical figure known as the "Black Baron" associated with Mongolia's declaration of independence from China during this period.

 

29 December - Bhaurao Gaikwad death anniversary

 

Bhaurao Gaikwad, passed away on 29 December 1971, was an Indian politician and social worker from Maharashtra. He was founder member of the Republican Party of India and was a member of parliament in both the Lok Sabha (1957 - 1962) and Rajya Sabha (1962 - 1968). He was a close colleague and follower of human rights leader B. R. Ambedkar. The people of Maharashtra honoured him with the sobriquet Karmaveer (King of actions) and the Government of India awarded him with Padma Shri in 1968 for his dedicated service to society.

29 December - Sunil Gavaskar surpassed Don Bradman's record of 29 Test in 1983

 

On 29 December 1983, Sunil Gavaskar, the legendary Indian cricketer, scored an unbeaten 236 runs against the West Indies in the sixth Test at Chennai (then Madras). This innings was a significant milestone in Gavaskar's career as it marked his fourth Test double century and 30th Test century, surpassing Sir Don Bradman's record of 29 Test centuries.Gavaskar's innings played a crucial role in the match, which ended in a draw. His achievement of surpassing Don Bradman's record was a historic moment in cricket, and Gavaskar continued to be a key figure in Indian cricket during that era.

29 December - W.C. Bonerjee birth anniversary

 

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee, commonly known as W.C. Bonnerjee, was an Indian barrister and the first president of the Indian National Congress (INC). He played a key role in the early days of the Indian National Congress, which later became a major political party in India.

W.C. Bonnerjee was born on 29 December 1844, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British India. He belonged to a prominent Bengali Christian family. Bonnerjee was a successful lawyer and became involved in political and social activities during the late 19th century.

He presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress, which was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) from 28 to 31 December 1885. The INC was founded with the aim of providing a platform for political dialogue among educated Indians and advocating for greater Indian representation in governance.

W.C. Bonnerjee's tenure as the president of the Indian National Congress was relatively short, but it marked the beginning of a significant political movement that eventually played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. Over the years, the Indian National Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement, with key figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru emerging from its ranks.

W.C. Bonnerjee's contributions to the early phase of the Indian National Congress are acknowledged in the historical context of the party's formation and its initial steps toward articulating Indian political aspirations.

 

29 December - William Ewart Gladstone birth anniversary

 

William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) was a British statesman and one of the dominant political figures of the 19th century. He served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom four separate times between 1868 and 1894. Here are some key points about William Gladstone:

1. Early Life: Gladstone was born on 29 December 1809, in Liverpool, England. He came from a wealthy family and was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

2. Political Career: Gladstone entered politics as a Tory (Conservative) but gradually evolved into a prominent figure in the Liberal Party. His political career spanned over six decades, and he held various cabinet positions, including Chancellor of the Exchequer.

3. Chancellor of the Exchequer: Gladstone's first term as Chancellor of the Exchequer began in 1852. He was known for his financial expertise and introduced significant economic reforms, including the first budget in the form that is recognizable today.

4. Prime Minister: Gladstone first became Prime Minister in 1868. His governments were characterized by a commitment to progressive policies, including electoral reform, education reform, and Irish Home Rule.

5. Irish Home Rule: Gladstone was a strong advocate for Irish Home Rule, which aimed at giving Ireland a degree of self-governance within the United Kingdom. However, his efforts to pass Home Rule legislation faced strong opposition, particularly from Unionists in Ireland and Britain.

6. Later Years: Gladstone's political career continued into his later years, and he had three more terms as Prime Minister. He retired from active politics in 1894.

7. Liberal Reforms: Gladstone's governments were responsible for a series of social and political reforms, including the Education Act of 1870 and the Ballot Act of 1872. These reforms aimed to extend voting rights, improve education, and address social issues.

8. Death: William Gladstone died on 19 May  1898, at Hawarden Castle in Flintshire, Wales.

Gladstone is remembered as one of the greatest political orators and statesmen in British history. His political career coincided with a period of significant social and political change in Britain, and his policies had a lasting impact on the country. His commitment to individual liberties, social justice, and parliamentary democracy left a lasting legacy in the annals of British politics.

 

28 December - National Short Film Day

 

National Short Film Day is celebrated annually on December 28 to honor the art and craft of short filmmaking. This date holds historical significance as it commemorates the first public screening of short films by the Lumière brothers, Auguste and Louis, on December 28, 1895, in Paris. These pioneering filmmakers showcased a series of brief motion pictures, marking the birth of cinema and laying the foundation for the film industry.

Short films, typically running under 40 minutes, are celebrated for their ability to tell impactful stories, explore innovative ideas, and showcase emerging talent in a concise format. The day is an opportunity to appreciate the creativity and dedication of filmmakers who use the short film medium to experiment with storytelling and address diverse themes.

National Short Film Day encourages audiences to watch, discuss, and support short films, whether through local screenings, online platforms, or film festivals. It also inspires aspiring filmmakers to pursue their passion, using the medium as a stepping stone in the world of cinema.

28 December - Card Playing Day USA

 

Card Playing Day is celebrated annually on December 28 in the United States. This encourages people of all ages to gather with family and friends to enjoy a wide variety of card games, from classic favorites like poker, bridge, and rummy to modern collectible card games.

The day is perfectly timed during the holiday season, offering a relaxing and engaging way to bond and unwind after the Christmas festivities. Historically, card playing has been a popular pastime for centuries, cherished for its ability to blend strategy, skill, and chance. Card Playing Day is also an opportunity to explore the rich history and cultural significance of card games, which trace their origins back to ancient China and spread worldwide over time.

Whether it’s competitive gaming or a casual family gathering, the day serves as a reminder of the simple joys of playing cards and connecting with others.

28 December - The Victoria Memorial Hall inaugurated in 1921

 

The Victoria Memorial Hall, an iconic symbol of Kolkata and a fine example of Indo-Saracenic architecture, was inaugurated on 28 December 1921 by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII. Built in memory of Queen Victoria, the grand edifice was conceived as a tribute to the British Empire and its rule in India. The foundation stone of the memorial was laid by the then Viceroy, Lord Curzon, in 1906, following Queen Victoria’s death in 1901. Constructed using white Makrana marble, the memorial seamlessly blends British, Mughal, and Venetian architectural styles, featuring a central dome, high portals, and intricately carved details. It houses an extensive collection of artifacts, including paintings, manuscripts, and historical memorabilia from the British colonial period. Today, the Victoria Memorial stands as a prominent cultural and historical landmark, drawing visitors for its aesthetic grandeur and rich historical significance.

28 December - Arun Jaitley birth anniversary

 

Arun Jaitley (28 December 1952 – 24 August 2019) was an eminent Indian politician, lawyer, and statesman. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he held several key positions in the Indian government, leaving a significant impact on the country's governance and economic policies.

Jaitley served as the Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs from 2014 to 2019 under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. During his tenure, he spearheaded transformative initiatives, including the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), aimed at creating a unified national tax system. He also played a pivotal role in implementing demonetization in 2016, advocating for the move as a step toward curbing corruption and black money.

In addition to his financial expertise, Jaitley was a seasoned parliamentarian and an articulate spokesperson for his party. He held various portfolios in earlier governments, including the Ministry of Law and Justice, Defence, and Information and Broadcasting.

Before entering politics, Jaitley was a prominent lawyer at the Supreme Court of India, where he handled high-profile cases and earned a reputation for his legal acumen. Known for his eloquence and wit, he was respected across party lines for his intellectual depth and persuasive skills.

Arun Jaitley's legacy extends beyond his political achievements. He was instrumental in modernizing India's economic framework and championing reforms that shaped the nation's financial landscape. His contributions continue to influence policymaking and public discourse in India.

28 December - Commemorative postage stamp issued in 1994 on 200yrs. of the General Post Office Mumbai

 

The General Post Office (GPO) Mumbai, also known as the Mumbai GPO, is a historic and significant post office located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the most prominent post offices in the city and serves as the central hub for postal services in the region.

Key features and information about the General Post Office Mumbai:

1. Location: The Mumbai GPO is situated in the Fort area of Mumbai, near the iconic Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station.

2. Architecture: The building housing the GPO is a notable architectural structure, reflecting a blend of Victorian and Gothic architectural styles. The design is reminiscent of many colonial-era buildings in Mumbai.

3. Services: As a central post office, the Mumbai GPO provides a range of postal and financial services. These include mail and parcel services, money transfer services, and other traditional postal functions.

4. Historical Significance: The GPO Mumbai has historical significance, reflecting the colonial legacy of the city. It has been an integral part of Mumbai's infrastructure for many decades.

5. Landmark: The GPO building is often considered a landmark in the Fort area and is recognized for its architectural charm and historical importance.

The General Post Office in Mumbai, like GPOs in other major cities, remains an essential institution for postal services, serving the community's communication and mailing needs.

28 December - Dr. Shivajirao Ganesh birth anniversary

 

Dr. Shivajirao Ganesh Patwardhan, who devoted his entire life for the upliftment of leprosy patients, was born on 28 December 1892 in a small village Assangi of Jamkhandi District in karnataka. Gandhi memorial Leprosy Foundation, a pioneering organisation established in 1951 in the field of leprosy in India, institued the award titled “International Gandhi Award” in 1986

28 December - Vakkom Moulavi birth anniversary

 

Vakkom Moulavi, also known as Muhammad Abdul Rahman, was a prominent Indian social reformer, journalist, and freedom fighter. He was born on 28 December 1873, in Vakkom, a village in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India. Vakkom Moulavi played a crucial role in the socio-political and educational transformation of the Muslim community in Kerala during the early 20th century.

Key aspects of Vakkom Moulavi's life and contributions include:

1. Educational Reforms: Vakkom Moulavi was a strong advocate for education, especially for Muslims. He founded the Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham (IDPS) in 1903, which aimed at promoting education and modernization among Muslims. He worked towards establishing schools and educational institutions to address the educational backwardness of the community.

2. Journalism: Moulavi was actively involved in journalism. He started the magazine "Swadeshabhimani" in 1905, which became a platform for him to voice his thoughts on social and political issues. The magazine played a significant role in the fight against social inequalities and colonial rule.

3. Political Activism: Vakkom Moulavi was a participant in the Indian independence movement. He was associated with the Indian National Congress and worked towards the upliftment of the marginalized sections of society.

4. Reformist Ideals: Moulavi was a reformist within the Muslim community, advocating for social and educational reforms. He aimed to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity and fought against orthodoxy and conservative practices.

Vakkom Moulavi passed away on 31 October 1932. His contributions to education, journalism, and social reforms have left a lasting impact on the history of Kerala and the broader Indian socio-political landscape.

 

28 December - Nanak Singh death anniversary

 

Nanak Singh (1897–1971) was a prominent Punjabi poet, novelist, and songwriter from India. He is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of Punjabi literature and is known for his contributions to the fields of literature and Sikh thought. Born on 04 July 1897, in the city of Rawalpindi (now in Pakistan), Nanak Singh's literary career spanned several decades.

Nanak Singh wrote in Punjabi and is best known for his novels and poems that explored social and cultural issues. Some of his notable works include novels like "Chitta Lahu" (White Blood), "Ik Mian Do Talwaran" (One Meets Two Swords), and "Mera Dukh Mera Sukh" (My Sorrow, My Joy). His writings often reflected the struggles of the common people and addressed themes such as social injustice, inequality, and the impact of British colonialism.

Apart from his contributions to literature, Nanak Singh was also involved in the Sikh religious and cultural sphere. He played a role in the Akali movement, advocating for the rights of Sikhs.

Nanak Singh's literary legacy continues to be celebrated in Punjabi literature, and his works remain influential. His writings not only entertained but also served as a medium for social and cultural commentary during a critical period in Indian history.The renowned Punjabi writer, passed away on 28 December 1971.

 

28 December - King Birendra birth anniversary

 

King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was the king of Nepal from 31 January 1972  until 01 June 2001. He was born on 28 December 1945 in Kathmandu, Nepal. King Birendra was the son of King Mahendra and the father of King Dipendra.

Tragically, King Birendra and several members of the royal family were killed in the Nepalese royal palace massacre on 01 June 2001. The exact circumstances surrounding the massacre remain a subject of controversy and conspiracy theories. After the incident, King Dipendra, who was initially declared the king while in a coma, later died, and Gyanendra, Birendra's brother, ascended the throne.

The royal palace massacre had significant political implications for Nepal, leading to changes in the country's political landscape and the eventual abolition of the monarchy in 2008.

27 December - Apollo 8 returned to Earth.

 

On 27 December 1968, Apollo 8, the first crewed spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully returned to Earth. This historic mission, launched by NASA, marked a pivotal moment in the Space Race and laid the groundwork for the subsequent Apollo 11 Moon landing. Commanded by Frank Borman, with James Lovell as the Command Module Pilot and William Anders as the Lunar Module Pilot, the mission was the first to carry humans beyond low Earth orbit and into lunar orbit.

During its journey, Apollo 8 orbited the Moon ten times, providing humanity with its first close-up views of the lunar surface. It also captured the iconic "Earthrise" photograph, showcasing Earth as a fragile, distant sphere against the vastness of space. The mission concluded when the spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, successfully completing a mission that demonstrated the feasibility of a crewed lunar landing. Apollo 8 remains a testament to human ingenuity and the spirit of exploration.

27 December - Charles Darwin set sail aboard the HMS Beagle on a voyage to understand life on Earth

 

On 27 December 1831, Charles Darwin set sail aboard the HMS Beagle on a voyage that would profoundly impact the scientific understanding of life on Earth. The expedition, led by Captain Robert FitzRoy, was intended to chart the coastlines of South America and collect geological, biological, and hydrographical data. At just 22 years old, Darwin joined the crew as a naturalist, tasked with studying the natural history of the regions visited.

Over the nearly five-year journey, the Beagle visited locations such as the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and the Galápagos Islands, among others. Darwin meticulously recorded his observations of the diverse flora, fauna, and geological formations. His time in the Galápagos Islands proved especially significant, as he noted variations in species, such as finches and tortoises, across different islands. These observations laid the groundwork for his theory of evolution by natural selection.

The voyage also exposed Darwin to the effects of natural forces such as earthquakes and volcanic activity, reinforcing his interest in geology. The extensive specimens and notes he collected became the foundation for his later work, including his seminal book On the Origin of Species (1859), which revolutionized biology and challenged contemporary views on creation. The Beagle journey remains one of the most famous scientific expeditions in history, demonstrating the profound impact of exploration and observation on scientific discovery.

27 December - First Tea Auction in India

 

On 27 December 1861, India witnessed its inaugural tea auction in Kolkata, marking a significant milestone in the nation's tea industry. This historic event was orchestrated by R. Thomas & Company, general brokers, and conducted by the firm Mackenzie Lyall at No. 2, Mission Row.

The success of this initial auction paved the way for subsequent sales. A second auction took place on 19 February 1862, managed by W. Moran & Co. at No. 5, Bankshall Street. Shortly thereafter, on 25 February 1862, a third auction was held at the Old Mint Mart, where 751 chests of tea were sold by W. Moran & Co. on behalf of the Assam Tea Company and Jorehaut Tea Company.

These early auctions were instrumental in establishing a structured marketplace for tea, facilitating transparent pricing and efficient distribution. The growing significance of tea auctions led to the formation of the Calcutta Tea Traders Association on September 15, 1886, with the objective of promoting the common interests of sellers, buyers, and brokers in the Kolkata market. Initially comprising 41 members, some of whom remain prominent in the tea trade today, the association played a pivotal role in formalizing auction processes and standards.

Over time, Kolkata evolved into a central hub for tea auctions, with venues like Nilhat House on R.N. Mukherjee Road becoming synonymous with the trade. Established traditions and practices at these auction houses have significantly contributed to India's emergence as one of the world's leading tea producers and exporters.

The legacy of these early auctions endures, reflecting the rich history and enduring importance of tea in India's cultural and economic landscape.

27 December - Bhaskara Sethupathy death anniversary

 

Bhaskara Sethupathy ( Muthuvijaya Raghunatha Bhaskara; 03 November 1868 – 27 December 1903) was a Zamindar of Ramnad.He became the recognised proprietor of the Ramnad estate after his father's death in 1873 until 1895. From 1895, he assumed Managership of Rameswaram until 1901.

He was regarded as a pious, brilliant and generous ruler by his supporters. His supporters believed that he would regain control of Ramnad estate some day. He died suddenly at the age of 35 in 1903

27 December - William George Morgan death anniversary

 

William George Morgan (23 January 1870 – 27 December 1942) was an American physical education instructor who is credited with the invention of the sport of volleyball. Morgan was born in Lockport, New York, and he developed volleyball in 1895 as a recreational activity that could be played indoors to provide a less strenuous alternative to basketball.

Originally called "Mintonette," Morgan's new game involved a net and was designed to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball. The name "volleyball" was later adopted to better describe the nature of the game, as players volleyed a ball back and forth over a net. The first official game of volleyball was played at the International YMCA Training School in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where Morgan worked.

Volleyball quickly gained popularity and evolved into a widely played and organized sport around the world. Morgan's creation has become one of the most popular sports globally, played both recreationally and competitively. He left a lasting impact on the world of sports through the invention of volleyball.

27 December - Marlene Dietrich birth anniversary

 

Marlene Dietrich, the German-American actress and singer, was born on 27 December 1901. She passed away on 06 May 1992. Dietrich was a legendary figure in the entertainment industry, known for her distinctive voice, glamorous persona, and roles in films such as "The Blue Angel" (1930) and "Morocco" (1930). Additionally, she was celebrated for her contributions to the Allied war effort during World War II, including her performances for American troops.

27 December - Johannes Kepler birth anniversary

 

Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer who played a key role in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. He made significant contributions to the fields of astronomy and mathematics, and his work laid the foundation for many later developments in these disciplines. 

He was born on 27 December 1571, in Weil der Stadt, in the Holy Roman Empire (now in Germany). He passed away on 15 November 1630  in Regensburg, also in the Holy Roman Empire. 

1. Laws of Planetary Motion: Kepler's most famous work is his formulation of the laws governing the motion of planets around the sun. These laws, known as Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, were derived based on careful observations made by Tycho Brahe. The three laws are:

   • First Law (Law of Ellipses): The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci.
   • Second Law (Law of Equal Areas): A line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
   • Third Law (Harmonic Law): The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

2. Astronomia nova (New Astronomy): In this work published in 1609, Kepler presented his first two laws of planetary motion. He also discussed the concept of elliptical orbits, moving away from the traditional belief in perfect circular orbits.

3. Harmonices Mundi (Harmony of the World): Published in 1619, this work continued Kepler's exploration of the relationships between planetary orbits and musical harmony. He proposed a connection between the distances of the planets from the sun and musical intervals.

4. Rudolphine Tables: Kepler worked on and completed the Rudolphine Tables, a set of astronomical tables based on Tycho Brahe's observations. These tables were named in honor of his patron, Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II.

Kepler's work laid the groundwork for Isaac Newton's later development of the law of universal gravitation. His contributions were instrumental in advancing the understanding of celestial mechanics and paved the way for a more accurate description of planetary motion.

 

27 December - Transfer of sovereignty of Indonesia from Netherlands in 1949

 

On 27 December 1949 the Netherlands officially transferred sovereignty over Indonesia to the Republic of Indonesia. This event marked the end of a long process that began with Indonesia declaring its independence from Dutch colonial rule on 17 August 1945 . The transfer of sovereignty was formalized through the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, which took place from 23 August to 02 November 1949 , in The Hague.

The outcome of the conference was the recognition of Indonesia as an independent and sovereign state by the Netherlands. The transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949, symbolized the end of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia and the establishment of Indonesia as a unified nation.

26 December - Dr. Manmohan Singh death

 

Dr. Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India, passed away on December 26, 2024, at the age of 92. He was admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi after his health deteriorated earlier that evening.

Dr. Manmohan Singh is an Indian economist, academic, and politician who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is widely regarded for his contributions to India's economic reforms and is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC).

Early Life and Education:

• Born: September 26, 1932, in Gah (now in Pakistan).
• Education:
  • Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Economics from Punjab University.
  • Economics Tripos from University of Cambridge.
  • Doctorate (DPhil) in Economics from University of Oxford (Nuffield College).

Career Highlights:

1. Economist:

   • Worked at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
   • Served as Chief Economic Advisor and later as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
   • Played a pivotal role as Finance Minister of India (1991-1996) under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao, initiating economic liberalization reforms that transformed India's economy.

2. Prime Ministership (2004–2014):

   • Led India through significant economic growth and development.
   • Advocated for landmark legislations like the Right to Information Act and National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA).
   • Managed India's response to global financial crises.
   • Oversaw the India–US Civil Nuclear Agreement.

3. Post-PM Period:

   • Continues to be a respected voice on economic and political issues.
   • A Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament) member representing Assam and later Rajasthan.

Legacy:

Dr. Manmohan Singh is celebrated for his integrity, intellectual depth, and his calm demeanor in political and economic challenges. However, his tenure also faced criticism, especially during his second term, due to corruption scandals and governance issues.

 

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