19 June - The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment Launch in 1981

The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment (APPLE) was a significant milestone in India's space exploration history. Launched on 19 June 1981, by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), APPLE was an experimental communication satellite equipped with a C-Band transponder. The launch was conducted using Ariane, a launch vehicle developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), and took place from the Centre Spatial Guyanais near Kourou in French Guiana.

Key Points About APPLE:

1. Historical Significance:

   • APPLE was India's first three-axis stabilized geostationary experimental satellite, marking a major advancement in the nation's satellite technology capabilities.
   • The successful launch and operation of APPLE laid the groundwork for subsequent Indian communication satellites and contributed significantly to the country's space communication infrastructure.

2. Technical Features:

   • The satellite featured a C-Band transponder, which is critical for communication applications such as television broadcasting, satellite radio, and data transmission.
   • It incorporated innovative technologies, including a cylindrical structure and a zero-gravity fuel system.

3. Launch and Orbit:

   • APPLE was launched aboard an Ariane-1 rocket, a testament to the collaboration between ISRO and ESA.
   • The satellite was placed into a geostationary orbit, which allows it to remain in a fixed position relative to the Earth, providing consistent communication coverage.

4. Mission Objectives:

   • The primary objective of APPLE was to test and demonstrate the feasibility of satellite-based communication for India.
   • The satellite also aimed to provide practical experience in the design, fabrication, and operation of communication satellites.

5. Legacy and Impact:

   • APPLE's success paved the way for the development of India’s domestic communication satellite program, leading to the launch of more advanced satellites like the INSAT series.
   • It also enhanced India's credibility and capability in space technology on the global stage.

The launch of APPLE on 19 June 1981, represents a landmark achievement for ISRO and highlights the progress and potential of India's space endeavors. It stands as a symbol of technological innovation and international cooperation in the field of space exploration.

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment

19 June - Kuwait gained independence in 1961

19 June 1961, The day, when Kuwait gained independence from British.
It marks a great event in Kuwait's history, as it was the day the Gulf state gained its independence after being a British protectorate since the agreement was signed in 1899 by the seventh Amir, Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah, and Britain.

Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, the eleventh Amir of Kuwait, came to realize that, in light of changes, Kuwait had come to have sufficient resources and that its people could no longer tolerate the limitations of being a British protectorate, and thus made the initiative to substitute it with an agreement of friendship.

Thus, on 19 June 1961, the British government cancelled the agreement of 23 January 1899, on grounds that it conflicted with Kuwait's independence and sovereignty and signed the declaration of independence, bringing Kuwait into a new era.