28 November - Bukovina Day

 

Bukovina Day (Ziua Bucovinei) is observed in Romania on November 28 every year. It was established to commemorate the day when Bukovina became part of Romania. This event is referred to as the union of Bukovina and Romania in Romania and as Romanian occupation of Northern Bukovina in Ukraine.

Bukovina is a historical region in Eastern Europe. Today, it is divided between Romania (Southern Bukovina) and Ukraine (Northern Bukovina). The first state formation on the territory of present-day Bukovina was the Antes tribal union. After that, Bukovina was part of Kyivan Rus’ in the 10th and 11th centuries and of the Principality of Galicia—Volhynia in the 12th and 13th centuries.

In the mid-14th century, Bukovina became part of the Moldavian state. Two centuries later Moldova, and by extension Bukovina, became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, the region was occupied by the Imperial Russian Army. When the war ended, the Austrian Empire expressed interest in Bukovina.

The region was occupied by the Austrian Empire in 1774 and was formally annexed in 1775. In 1777, Bukovina officially swore allegiance to the Habsburg monarchy. The region remained part of the Austrian Empire and, from 1867 onward, of Austria-Hungary until 1918.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed during World War I. On November 1, 1918, members of the Ukrainian national movement proclaimed the West Ukrainian People’s Republic in the ethnically Ukrainian part of Austria-Hungary, which included Northern Bukovina. Two days later, a popular assembly in Chernivtsi confirmed the reunification of Northern Bukovina and the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (it was assumed that ethnically Romanian Southern Bukovina would join Romania).

However, Romanian Bukovinian politician Iancu Flondor reached out to the Romanian government, and Romania occupied the entirety of Bukovina on November 11. On November 28, 1918, the self-proclaimed General Congress of Bukovina, which consisted of Romanian, Polish and German representatives (but no Ukrainians), proclaimed the union of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania. 

28 November - Jyotirao Govindrao Phule death anniversary

 

Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, a prominent social reformer and activist in India, was born on April 11, 1827. He passed away on November 28, 1890. Jyotirao Phule played a crucial role in the social reform movement in Maharashtra, working towards the upliftment of marginalized and oppressed communities and advocating for education and social equality. His contributions to social reform and education continue to be remembered and celebrated in India.

28 November - Independence Day East Timor

 

While November 28th is an important date in the history of East Timor, it is associated with the unilateral declaration of independence rather than the establishment of an independent state. On November 28, 1975, East Timor declared its independence from Portuguese colonial rule. However, this declaration was short-lived, as Indonesia invaded East Timor shortly afterward.

The Indonesian invasion led to a prolonged period of conflict and occupation, during which there were significant human rights abuses. East Timor's struggle for independence continued for many years, and it wasn't until 2002 that the country officially gained independence after a United Nations-sponsored referendum in 1999.

As a result, while November 28th is remembered as a crucial moment in the history of East Timor, the country's official Independence Day is celebrated on May 20th, marking the day in 2002 when East Timor finally became a fully sovereign and independent nation.

 

28 November - Independence Day Mauritania

 

Mauritania celebrates its Independence Day on November 28th. On this day in 1960, Mauritania gained independence from French colonial rule. The country located in West Africa celebrates this occasion with various events, including parades, cultural performances, and official ceremonies. It is a time for Mauritians to commemorate their history and national identity. Independence Day in Mauritania is a public holiday, and people across the country participate in festivities to honor the country's freedom from colonial rule.

28 November - Queen Wilhelmina death anniversary

 

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands was the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. Here's a short note about her, including her birth and death dates:

• Birth: Queen Wilhelmina was born on August 31, 1880, in The Hague, Netherlands.

• Early Reign: She ascended to the throne as queen at a young age, following the death of her father, King William III, in 1890. At the time of her accession, she was only ten years old, and her mother, Queen Emma, served as regent until Wilhelmina reached the age of 18.

• Reign and Challenges: Queen Wilhelmina's reign was marked by significant events, including both World War I and World War II. She played a crucial role in maintaining Dutch neutrality during World War I and provided refuge for many Belgian refugees during the conflict. During World War II, when the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany, Queen Wilhelmina went into exile in the United Kingdom and became a symbol of Dutch resistance against the Nazis.

• Abdication: Queen Wilhelmina abdicated the throne in favor of her daughter, Princess Juliana, on September 4, 1948, due to her health and the desire for a younger monarch to lead the nation.

• Death: Queen Wilhelmina passed away on November 28, 1962, in Apeldoorn, Netherlands.

Queen Wilhelmina's long and eventful reign, her leadership during times of war and crisis, and her dedication to her country made her a respected and beloved figure in Dutch history. She is remembered for her role in safeguarding Dutch independence and for her contributions to the well-being of the Dutch people.

28 November - Albania declared independence in 1912

 

Albania officially the Republic of Albania is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is situated in the Balkans, and is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast,North Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south. The country displays varied climatic, geological, hydrological, and morphological conditions, in an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). The landscape ranges from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps and the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus, and Ceraunian Mountains, to the hot and sunny coasts of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas along the Mediterranean. Tirana is its capital and largest city, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër.

Albania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire on 28 November 1912, accompanied with the establishment of the Senate and Government by the Assembly of Vlorë on 4 December 1912.Its sovereignty was recognised by the Conference of London. On 29 July 1913, the Treaty of London delineated the borders of the country and its neighbours, leaving many Albanians outside Albania, predominantly partitioned between Montenegro, Serbia and Greece.