21 May - Omeo Kumar Das birth anniversary

 

Omeo Kumar Das (21 May 1895 – 23 January 1975), popularly addressed as Lok Nayak, was an Indian social worker, Gandhian, educationist, writer and a former minister at the Government of Assam. He held various ministerial portfolios such as Education, Labour and Food and Civil Supplies, during various periods, in the state of Assam.He translated The Story of My Experiments with Truth, the autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi, into Assamese language and contributed to the implementation of Tea Plantation Worker’s Provident Fund in the state. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1963, for his contributions to society. India Post honoured Das by issuing a commemorative stamp on him on 15 May 1998.

21 May - Narasimha Jayanti

 

Narasimha Jayanti is a significant Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Lord Narasimha, an avatar of the god Vishnu. This festival is observed on the 14th day of the bright half (Shukla Paksha) of the month of Vaisakha, according to the Hindu lunar calendar, which usually falls in April or May in the Gregorian calendar.

Lord Narasimha is depicted as a half-man, half-lion deity, and his incarnation is believed to have taken place to protect his devotee Prahlada from his tyrannical father, King Hiranyakashipu. According to Hindu mythology, Lord Narasimha emerged from a pillar to kill the demon king Hiranyakashipu, thereby restoring Dharma and protecting his devotee.

Key aspects of Narasimha Jayanti celebrations include:

1. Fasting: Devotees typically observe a fast on this day. Some may observe a complete fast, while others may consume fruits and milk.

2. Puja and Rituals: Special prayers and rituals are performed in temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu and Narasimha. Devotees offer flowers, fruits, sweets, and other items during the puja.

3. Recitation of Scriptures: Devotees read and recite stories and hymns related to Lord Narasimha, particularly the Narasimha Kavacha and chapters from the Bhagavata Purana that narrate the story of Prahlada and Narasimha.

4. Visiting Temples: Many devotees visit Vishnu or Narasimha temples to offer their prayers and seek blessings.

5. Cultural Programs: Some communities organize cultural programs, including dramas and plays, depicting the story of Prahlada and the appearance of Lord Narasimha.

Narasimha Jayanti is a day of devotion and spiritual significance for Hindus, emphasizing the themes of protection, faith, and the victory of good over evil.

 

21 May - World Meditation Day

 

World Meditation Day is celebrated annually on May 21st. This day is dedicated to promoting the practice of meditation as a way to improve mental health, well-being, and overall quality of life. Meditation, an ancient practice with roots in various spiritual and religious traditions, is widely recognized for its benefits in reducing stress, enhancing focus, and fostering inner peace.

On World Meditation Day, people around the world are encouraged to take time out of their day to meditate, whether they are beginners or experienced practitioners. Activities and events associated with this day may include:

1. Guided Meditation Sessions: Many organizations and meditation centers offer free or special guided meditation sessions, both in-person and online, to help people get started or deepen their practice.

2. Workshops and Seminars: Educational events may be held to teach different meditation techniques and discuss the science behind the benefits of meditation.

3. Community Gatherings: Groups may gather in parks, community centers, or other public spaces to meditate together, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.

4. Social Media Campaigns: People share their meditation experiences, tips, and the benefits they’ve observed using hashtags like #WorldMeditationDay to spread awareness and encourage others to join in.

5. Personal Practice: Individuals may use this day as an opportunity to start a daily meditation practice or to set aside additional time for meditation in their daily routine.

World Meditation Day serves as a reminder of the importance of taking time for self-care and mental well-being, encouraging people to incorporate mindfulness and meditation into their lives.

21 May - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.

 

The American Red Cross was established by Clara Barton. She founded the organization on 21 May 1881. Barton was inspired by her experiences during the Civil War and by the International Red Cross movement, which she learned about while visiting Europe. She dedicated herself to creating an American branch to provide emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education.

21 May - Day of Patriots and Military (Hungary)

 

The Day of Patriots and Military in Hungary, observed on May 21st, commemorates the recapture of the Buda Castle from the Ottoman Empire in 1686. This significant event marked the end of a long period of Ottoman occupation and was a crucial victory in the struggle to reclaim Hungarian territories.

The day is dedicated to honoring the bravery and sacrifices of Hungarian patriots and military personnel who have defended the country's sovereignty and freedom throughout its history. It is marked by various ceremonies, including military parades, wreath-laying at memorials, and other patriotic events that reflect on Hungary's military heritage and national pride.

 

21 May - Navy Day (Chile)

 

Navy Day in Chile, known as "Día de las Glorias Navales," is celebrated on May 21st. This day commemorates the Battle of Iquique, which took place on May 21, 1879, during the War of the Pacific. The battle is famous for the heroic actions of Captain Arturo Prat and his crew aboard the Chilean ship Esmeralda. Despite being outgunned and outnumbered, Prat and his men fought valiantly against the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar.

Captain Prat's bravery and ultimate sacrifice became a symbol of Chilean naval heroism and patriotism. Navy Day is marked by various ceremonies and events throughout Chile, including parades, naval demonstrations, and official speeches. It is a significant public holiday and a time for Chileans to honor their naval history and the sacrifices made by those who serve in the Chilean Navy.

 

21 May - Saint Helena Day

 

Saint Helena Day is celebrated on May 21st in honor of Saint Helena, the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Saint Helena is traditionally credited with finding the True Cross, the cross upon which Jesus Christ was crucified. The day commemorates her contributions to Christianity and her role in Christian history.

In addition to its religious significance, Saint Helena Day is also recognized as a public holiday on the island of Saint Helena, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. The island was named after Saint Helena because it was discovered by the Portuguese navigator João da Nova on May 21, 1502, the feast day of Saint Helena. The day is marked by various celebrations and events on the island.

 

20 May - Emancipation Day (Florida)

 

Emancipation Day in Florida is observed on 20 May each year to commemorate the anniversary of the reading of the Emancipation Proclamation in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1865. This historic proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln on 01 January 1863, declared that all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory were to be set free. However, it wasn't until Union troops arrived in Florida and other parts of the South towards the end of the Civil War that the Emancipation Proclamation could be enforced.

Emancipation Day in Florida holds significant importance as it symbolizes the end of slavery in the state and the beginning of freedom for thousands of enslaved African Americans. The reading of the Emancipation Proclamation in Tallahassee on 20 May 1865, marked a momentous occasion in Florida's history and served as a catalyst for change and progress towards racial equality.

On Emancipation Day, various events, ceremonies, and educational programs are organized across Florida to honor the contributions and struggles of African Americans, celebrate their achievements, and reflect on the ongoing fight for civil rights and social justice. It is a time for communities to come together to commemorate their shared history, promote unity and inclusion, and reaffirm their commitment to equality and human rights for all.

20 May - Flower Day USA

 

Flower Day is celebrated annually on May 20th to appreciate the beauty and significance of flowers in our lives. This day highlights the importance of flowers in various cultures and traditions, recognizing their role in celebrations, decorations, and as symbols of love, friendship, and sympathy.

On Flower Day, people engage in activities such as giving flowers to loved ones, planting new flowers in gardens or community spaces, and participating in floral-themed events and festivals. The day encourages people to enjoy nature's beauty, promote environmental awareness, and support floriculture and the flower industry. It is a time to celebrate the vibrant colors and fragrances that flowers bring to our world.

 

20 May - Christopher Columbus death anniversary

 

Christopher Columbus died on 20 May 1506 in Valladolid, Spain. His death marked the end of a life filled with exploration, controversy, and significant historical impact. Columbus, an Italian explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, is best known for his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, which led to the European discovery of the Americas. His expeditions, beginning in 1492 with the support of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, resulted in the colonization and establishment of European settlements in the Caribbean and the Americas. While Columbus's achievements were celebrated for centuries, his legacy has been the subject of debate and scrutiny in modern times due to the negative consequences of European colonization on indigenous populations. Nevertheless, his death anniversary is remembered as a pivotal moment in history, marking the end of an era of exploration and the beginning of a new chapter in global interconnectedness.

20 May - Cuba gains independence from the United States in 1902

 

On 20 May 1902, Cuba gained independence from the United States, marking the end of a period of American military occupation that began during the Spanish-American War of 1898. The United States had intervened in Cuba's fight for independence from Spain, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898. Under this treaty, Spain ceded control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.

Following the end of the war, Cuba remained under American military administration until the Cuban Organic Act was passed in 1900, which established a provisional government and laid the groundwork for a transition to full independence. On 20 May 1902, the United States formally withdrew its troops from Cuba, and the Republic of Cuba was officially established with the inauguration of its first president, Tomás Estrada Palma.

The attainment of independence was a significant moment in Cuban history, symbolizing the end of foreign occupation and the beginning of self-governance. However, it is important to note that Cuba's relationship with the United States remained complex and often contentious in the years that followed, with the United States maintaining significant influence over Cuban affairs through economic and political means.

 

20 May - Cameroon Republic Day

 

Cameroon Republic Day, observed annually on May 20th, commemorates the country's attainment of independence from French and British colonial rule in 1960. This significant national holiday holds deep historical and cultural significance for the people of Cameroon, marking the culmination of years of struggle and resistance against colonial domination. On Republic Day, Cameroonians across the nation come together to celebrate their sovereignty and unity as a nation. The day is marked by various festivities, including parades, cultural performances, and ceremonies that showcase the rich diversity of Cameroon's cultural heritage. It is also a time for reflection on the progress made since independence and a reminder of the challenges that lie ahead in building a prosperous and inclusive future for all Cameroonians. Republic Day serves as a moment of pride, remembrance, and renewal, as the nation reaffirms its commitment to democracy, peace, and national development.

20 May - National Rescue Dog Day (United States)

 

National Rescue Dog Day in the United States falls on May 20th each year, serving as a poignant reminder of the invaluable contributions of rescue dogs to society and the tireless efforts of individuals and organizations dedicated to their welfare. This special day holds significant importance in promoting adoption by raising awareness about the countless rescue dogs awaiting loving homes in shelters, rescue organizations, and foster care. It is a time to celebrate the resilience, companionship, and unwavering loyalty that rescue dogs bring to their adoptive families, often after overcoming adversity and hardship. National Rescue Dog Day also honors the dedication of rescue organizations, shelters, volunteers, and advocates who work tirelessly to rescue, rehabilitate, and rehome dogs in need, ensuring they receive the care, love, and second chances they deserve. Whether through adoption, fostering, volunteering, or donations, National Rescue Dog Day inspires individuals to make a positive difference in the lives of rescue dogs and to support the ongoing efforts to provide them with happy, fulfilling lives in forever homes.

 

20 May - The first public display of Thomas Edison's prototype kinetoscope.

 

On 20 May 1891, History of cinema, The first public display of Thomas Edison's prototype kinetoscope.

The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video, by creating the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter.

20 May - Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India

 

On 20 May 1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India when he arrived at Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), India.

Vasco da Gama, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient.

20 May - Emile Berliner birth anniversary

 

Emile Berliner was a German-born American inventor and entrepreneur who made significant contributions to the fields of audio recording and telecommunications. He was born on May 20, 1851, in Hanover, Germany, and passed away on August 3, 1929, in Washington, D.C., United States.

Berliner is best known for his invention of the gramophone, a device for recording and reproducing sound. In 1887, he patented the flat disc record, which was a significant improvement over previous cylinder-based recording methods. The disc record allowed for mass production and easier playback, revolutionizing the music industry and paving the way for the development of modern audio recording and playback devices.

 

20 May - World Metrology Day

 

World Metrology Day is observed annually on May 20th. It commemorates the signing of the Metre Convention on May 20, 1875, which established the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and the International System of Units (SI).

Metrology is the science of measurement, and World Metrology Day serves to raise awareness and promote the importance of accurate and reliable measurements in various aspects of our lives, including science, industry, trade, and society as a whole.

Each year, World Metrology Day has a specific theme that highlights a particular aspect of metrology. The theme is chosen by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in collaboration with the BIPM and national metrology institutes around the world. The theme often focuses on areas where metrology plays a crucial role, such as sustainable development, innovation, healthcare, or environmental protection

World Metrology Day provides an opportunity to recognize the role of metrology in advancing scientific discoveries, ensuring fair trade, protecting public health and safety, and supporting technological innovation. It emphasizes the significance of measurements in our daily lives and highlights the ongoing efforts to enhance the accuracy and reliability of measurements worldwide.

20 May - Anton Janša birth anniversary

 

Anton Janša was a Slovenian beekeeper and painter who is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of modern beekeeping practices. He was born on May 20, 1734, in Breznica, Slovenia, and passed away on September 13, 1773.

Janša's contributions to beekeeping were highly influential and helped to shape the modern practice of beekeeping. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Beekeeping" and is celebrated for his expertise, innovative approaches, and promotion of sustainable beekeeping practices.

To honor Anton Janša's contributions to beekeeping, his birthday, May 20th, is recognized as World Bee Day, a day dedicated to raising awareness about the importance of bees and other pollinators in our ecosystems and the need to protect them.

20 May - Patent for first blue jeans granted in 1873

 

The first blue jeans with copper rivets patent was granted to Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis on May 20, 1873. The patent was titled "Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings" and described the innovative use of copper rivets to reinforce the pockets and other stress points in pants. This invention significantly increased the durability and strength of the pants, making them ideal for the needs of workers and laborers. The patent number for this invention was US Patent No. 139,121. This marked a crucial milestone in the history of denim jeans and laid the foundation for the iconic blue jeans that are still popular today.

20 May - Amelia Earhart worlds first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean

 

Amelia Earhart is known for her pioneering accomplishments in aviation. While she did attempt several notable flights, including her ill-fated attempt to circumnavigate the globe, she did not embark on the world's first solo nonstop flight from Newfoundland.

However, Earhart did play a significant role in aviation history. On May 20, 1932, she embarked on a groundbreaking solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Departing from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, Canada, she flew a Lockheed Vega 5B and successfully landed in Culmore, Northern Ireland, approximately 14 hours and 56 minutes later. This achievement made her the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, earning her international acclaim.

Earhart's solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean marked a significant milestone in aviation and furthered her reputation as a skilled and fearless pilot. She continued to inspire many with her subsequent record-breaking flights and her dedication to promoting women's involvement in aviation.

Unfortunately, Earhart's attempt to circumnavigate the globe in 1937 ended in tragedy when she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. Despite extensive search efforts, her fate remains unknown. Nevertheless, her contributions to aviation and her trailblazing spirit continue to inspire generations of aviators and adventurers.

20 May - Cartographer Abraham Ortelius issued Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas.

 

On 20 May 1570, Cartographer Abraham Ortelius issued Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas.

Abraham Ortelius, was a Brabantian cartographer and geographer, conventionally recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World). Ortelius is often considered one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and one of the most notable figures of the school in its golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s). The publication of his atlas in 1570 is often considered as the official beginning of the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography. He is also believed to be the first person to imagine that the continents were joined together before drifting to their present positions.

19 May - Mohini Ekadashi

 

Mohini Ekadashi is a significant Hindu observance that falls on the 11th day (Ekadashi) of the waxing phase of the moon (Shukla Paksha) in the month of Vaishakha, according to the Hindu calendar. This usually corresponds to April or May in the Gregorian calendar. Mohini Ekadashi is particularly noted for its association with the avatar of Lord Vishnu in the form of Mohini, the enchanting female form.

Significance of Mohini Ekadashi

1. Spiritual Benefits: Observing Mohini Ekadashi is believed to cleanse devotees of their sins and provide them with spiritual merit. It is said to help in overcoming past misdeeds and leading a righteous life.

2. Devotional Practices: On this day, devotees fast and engage in prayers, chanting, and reading scriptures related to Lord Vishnu. The fast is considered highly meritorious and is believed to bring spiritual benefits and blessings from Lord Vishnu.

3. Mythological Importance: The significance of Mohini Ekadashi is rooted in the legend of Lord Vishnu taking the form of Mohini to distribute the nectar of immortality (amrita) among the gods and to save them from the demons. This story highlights the divine play of Lord Vishnu in protecting the universe.

Rituals and Observances

• Fasting: Devotees undertake a strict fast, refraining from grains, beans, and certain other foods. Some may observe a waterless fast, while others may consume fruits and milk. The fast typically begins from sunrise on Ekadashi and ends after sunrise the next day (Dwadashi).

• Prayer and Worship: Devotees perform special prayers and rituals dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Temples often hold special services and recitations of Vishnu-related texts like the Vishnu Sahasranama (a list of a thousand names of Lord Vishnu).

• Reading Scriptures: Reading or listening to stories from the Bhagavad Gita and other holy texts is common. Devotees often recount the legend of Mohini to remember the divine intervention of Lord Vishnu.

• Charity and Acts of Kindness: Many people engage in charitable activities and offer food, clothes, and other essentials to the needy as part of their devotion.

Observing Mohini Ekadashi

1. Preparation: Before Ekadashi, devotees often prepare by cleaning their homes and setting up altars for worship. They may also take a purification bath early in the morning.

2. Fasting and Worship: On the day of Mohini Ekadashi, devotees abstain from certain foods and engage in day-long prayers and meditation. They visit temples, participate in devotional singing (bhajans), and meditate on Lord Vishnu’s virtues and deeds.

3. Breaking the Fast: The fast is broken on the following day (Dwadashi) after performing rituals and offering food to Lord Vishnu. Devotees break their fast with sattvic food, which is pure and balanced according to Ayurvedic principles.

Conclusion

Mohini Ekadashi is a deeply spiritual day that offers devotees an opportunity to purify their minds and bodies through fasting, prayer, and reflection. Observing this Ekadashi is believed to bring blessings from Lord Vishnu and help devotees progress on their spiritual journeys. Through fasting, worship, and acts of kindness, devotees honor the divine intervention of Lord Vishnu in the form of Mohini, reaffirming their faith and dedication.

 

19 May - Max Ferdinand Perutz birth anniversary

Max Ferdinand Perutz, born on 19 May 1914, was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 *Nobel Prize* for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of _haemoglobin and myoglobin._ He went on to win the _Royal Medal_ of the Royal Society in 1971 and the _Copley Medal_ in 1979.

19 May - Malcolm X birth anniversary

 

Malcolm X, born on 19 May 1925, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement.

19 May - Girish Karnad birth anniversary

 

Girish Karnad was born on 19 May 1938, and he passed away on  10 June 2019. He was an Indian actor, film director, and playwright, known for his significant contributions to Indian cinema and theater. Karnad was also a recipient of various awards, including the Jnanpith Award, Padma Bhushan, and the Sahitya Akademi Award.

19 May - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk birth anniversary

 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk born on 19 May 1881, was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.

19 May - Jean-Pierre Christin developed centigrade temperature scale

 

On 19 May 1743, Jean-Pierre Christin developed the centigrade temperature scale.

*Jean-Pierre Christin,* was a French physicist, mathematician, astronomer and musician. His proposal in 1743 to reverse the Celsius thermometer scale (from water boiling at 0 degrees and ice melting at 100 degrees, to where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water) was widely accepted and is still in use today.

His *thermometer* was known in France before the Revolution as the thermometer of Lyon. One of these thermometers was kept at the Science Museum in London.

*Celsius*

The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries except the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer *Anders Celsius,* who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale or a unit to indicate a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade, from the Latin centum, which means 100, and gradus, which means steps.

18 May - Jackie Cochran became the first woman to break the sound barrier.

 

On May 18, 1953, Jacqueline "Jackie" Cochran became the first woman to break the sound barrier. This remarkable achievement was a significant milestone in aviation history and highlighted Cochran's pioneering spirit and exceptional skill as an aviator.

Key Points about Jackie Cochran and Her Achievement:

1. Background:

   • Full Name: Jacqueline Cochran (born Bessie Lee Pittman)
   • Birth Date: May 11, 1906
   • Profession: Aviator, businesswoman, and one of the most prominent female pilots in aviation history.

2. Aviation Career:

   • Cochran was one of the most accomplished pilots of her time, setting numerous records for speed, altitude, and distance.
   • She was a key figure in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) during World War II, where she trained and led female pilots who flew non-combat missions to free up male pilots for combat roles.

3. Breaking the Sound Barrier:

   • Date: May 18, 1953
   • Aircraft: North American F-86 Sabre, a jet aircraft renowned for its performance during the Korean War.
   • Location: Cochran achieved this feat while flying at Rogers Dry Lake in California.
   • Speed: She exceeded the speed of sound (Mach 1), which is approximately 767 miles per hour (1,235 kilometers per hour) at sea level.

4. Significance:

   • Cochran's accomplishment made her the first woman to break the sound barrier, placing her among the ranks of aviation legends.
   • This achievement not only demonstrated her exceptional piloting skills but also paved the way for future generations of female aviators.
   • It underscored the capabilities of women in fields traditionally dominated by men, contributing to the broader movement for gender equality in the mid-20th century.

5. Legacy:

   • Cochran continued to break numerous aviation records throughout her career, becoming one of the most decorated pilots in history.
   • She received numerous awards and honors, including the Distinguished Service Medal, and was posthumously inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1971.
   • Her contributions to aviation and her role in advancing opportunities for women in the field are remembered as an enduring legacy.

Jackie Cochran's breaking of the sound barrier on May 18, 1953, remains a landmark achievement in aviation history, symbolizing the boundless possibilities of human endeavor and the ongoing pursuit of excellence in flight.

 

18 May - Shree Pundalik, the first Indian film, was released in 1912

 

Shree Pundalik, considered the first Indian film, was released on May 18, 1912. This silent film, directed by Dadasaheb Torne, is a significant milestone in Indian cinema history. However, its status as the first Indian film is often debated due to the technical aspects of its production and the circumstances surrounding its release.

Key Points about Shree Pundalik:

1. Historical Context: Shree Pundalik was produced during a time when the Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule, and the Indian film industry was in its nascent stages.

2. Production Details:

   • Director: Dadasaheb Torne
   • Cinematography: Johnson
   • Format: Silent film
   • Length: Approximately 22 minutes

3. Content: The film is based on the story of a revered saint, Pundalik, from Maharashtra. It depicted the life and devotion of Saint Pundalik to Lord Vithoba, a deity worshipped primarily in the state of Maharashtra.

4. Controversy:

   • Technical Aspects: The film was shot by a British cameraman, Johnson, and the film reels were processed in London. This involvement of foreign personnel and technology raises questions about its status as a completely indigenous production.
   • Legal Recognition: Some film historians and the Government of India recognize Raja Harishchandra, released in 1913 by Dadasaheb Phalke, as the first fully indigenous Indian feature film due to its wholly Indian crew and processing within India.

5. Legacy: Despite the controversies, Shree Pundalik holds an important place in Indian cinema history as it marks the beginning of film production in India. It paved the way for future filmmakers and the eventual establishment of Bollywood, one of the largest film industries in the world.

Shree Pundalik’s release marks an important cultural event, symbolizing the early efforts and aspirations of Indian filmmakers to establish a unique cinematic identity.

 

18 May - Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day (Sri Lankan Tamils)

 

Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day is observed by Sri Lankan Tamils on May 18th each year. It commemorates the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009, particularly focusing on the events that occurred in Mullivaikkal, a village in the northern part of Sri Lanka.

For many Tamil Sri Lankans, Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day serves as a solemn occasion to remember and honor the tens of thousands of civilians who lost their lives during the final stages of the civil war, particularly during the government's military offensive against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The conflict resulted in significant civilian casualties, widespread displacement, and immense suffering for the Tamil community.

On Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day, ceremonies, vigils, and events are held by Tamil communities worldwide to pay tribute to those who lost their lives and to express solidarity with survivors and their families. It's also a time for reflection on the impact of the civil war, the quest for justice and accountability, and the ongoing efforts for reconciliation and peace in Sri Lanka.

 

18 May - Baltic Fleet Day (Russia)

 

Baltic Fleet Day is celebrated in Russia on May 18th each year. It commemorates the establishment of the Baltic Fleet, one of the major operational units of the Russian Navy.

The Baltic Fleet was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 during the Great Northern War. It played a significant role in Russia's naval history, particularly during conflicts with neighboring powers in the Baltic region. The fleet has been involved in various operations and battles throughout its history, including World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II.

On Baltic Fleet Day, ceremonies, parades, and events are held to honor the sailors, officers, and veterans of the Baltic Fleet. It's a day to celebrate the fleet's achievements, recognize its contributions to the defense of the nation, and promote patriotism among Russian citizens. Naval bases and ports associated with the Baltic Fleet often host public events, ship tours, and demonstrations to mark the occasion.

 

18 May - Revival, Unity, and Poetry of Magtymguly Day (Turkmenistan)

 

Magtymguly Pyragy Day, also known as Magtymguly Day, is a significant cultural and national holiday celebrated in Turkmenistan. It commemorates the life and contributions of Magtymguly Pyragy, one of Turkmenistan's most revered poets, philosophers, and thinkers.

Magtymguly Pyragy (1724–1807) was not only a poet but also a spiritual leader and a symbol of Turkmen national identity. His works, written in the Turkmen language, are deeply rooted in the traditions, history, and values of the Turkmen people. Magtymguly's poetry often addresses themes such as love, freedom, unity, and the beauty of nature.

Magtymguly Pyragy Day is observed on May 18th each year. On this day, various cultural events, poetry readings, music performances, and exhibitions are organized throughout Turkmenistan to honor his legacy and promote Turkmen culture and identity. It's a day for Turkmen people to reflect on Magtymguly's teachings, appreciate his literary contributions, and celebrate their cultural heritage.

The celebration of Magtymguly Pyragy Day underscores the importance of literature, poetry, and cultural identity in Turkmen society, emphasizing unity and pride in the nation's rich heritage.

 

18 May - Omar Khayyam Birth Anniversary

 

Omar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet who lived during the Islamic Golden Age. He was born on 18 May 1048, in Nishapur, Persia (present-day Iran), and died on 04 December 1131.

Khayyam made significant contributions to various fields of study. In mathematics, he is best known for his work in algebra and geometry. He made important advancements in algebra, including solutions to cubic equations, and contributed to the development of the Persian calendar.

In astronomy, Khayyam was involved in the reform of the Persian calendar and made observations and calculations related to celestial movements. He also wrote treatises on the subject of astronomy.

However, Khayyam is perhaps most famous in the West for his poetry, particularly for his Rubaiyat, a collection of quatrains (four-line poems) that explore themes of love, mortality, and the meaning of life. His poetry, known for its beauty, depth, and philosophical insight, has been translated into many languages and continues to be celebrated around the world.

Khayyam's legacy as a scholar and poet has had a lasting impact on both Persian and world culture, and he remains one of the most revered figures in Persian literature.

 

18 May - Mount St. Helens volcano erupts in Washington.

 

Mount St. Helens, located in the state of Washington, erupted on May 18, 1980. It was one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the history of the United States. The eruption devastated the surrounding area, causing massive destruction and loss of life.

The eruption began with a massive landslide, which triggered a lateral blast of hot gas, steam, and rock fragments. This lateral blast traveled at high speeds, flattening trees and structures in its path. Following the lateral blast, a vertical eruption column rose high into the sky, spewing ash and volcanic debris over a wide area.

The eruption resulted in the loss of 57 lives, caused extensive damage to infrastructure, and drastically altered the landscape of the region. It also led to significant environmental and ecological changes in the area surrounding the volcano.

Since the 1980 eruption, Mount St. Helens has remained active, with periodic steam and ash eruptions. However, none have been as catastrophic as the 1980 event. The volcano continues to be closely monitored by scientists to better understand its behavior and mitigate potential risks to surrounding communities.

 

18 May - Victory Day Sri Lanka

 

Victory Day in Sri Lanka, also known as "Ranaviru Day" or "War Heroes' Day," is commemorated on May 18th each year. It marks the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009, when the Sri Lankan government declared victory over the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), ending decades of conflict.

The day is observed with ceremonies and events across the country to honor the soldiers who sacrificed their lives to protect the nation's integrity and unity. It's a day to remember the bravery and dedication of the armed forces, as well as to pay tribute to the civilians who were affected by the war.

18 May - Astronomy Day

 

Astronomy Day is an annual event celebrated to promote and share the wonders of astronomy with the public. It typically occurs on a Saturday between mid-April and mid-May, close to the first quarter moon. Astronomy Day provides opportunities for people of all ages to engage in stargazing, learn about celestial phenomena, and explore the mysteries of the universe.

Astronomy clubs, observatories, planetariums, science centers, and educational institutions around the world often organize special events and activities to mark Astronomy Day. These may include telescope viewing sessions, lectures, workshops, exhibitions, and hands-on demonstrations.

The goals of Astronomy Day include fostering public interest in astronomy, promoting science education, and encouraging participation in scientific inquiry and discovery. By providing access to telescopes and knowledgeable experts, Astronomy Day seeks to inspire curiosity about the cosmos and deepen people's appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the universe.

Whether it's observing the moon, planets, stars, or galaxies, Astronomy Day offers a chance for individuals and families to connect with the night sky and

 

17 May - Radhanath Sikdar death anniversary

 

Radhanath Sikdar was an Indian mathematician and surveyor who played a crucial role in the measurement and calculation of the height of Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. He was born on October 31, 1813, in the village of Khandakerpara in present-day Bangladesh.

In the mid-19th century, the British authorities in India initiated a project to measure and map the Himalayan mountain range, including determining the exact height of Mount Everest. Radhanath Sikdar, employed as a mathematician and surveyor by the Great Trigonometric Survey of India, was assigned the task of calculating the height of the mountain.

Working under the supervision of Sir George Everest, the Surveyor General of India at the time, Sikdar used trigonometric principles and conducted extensive measurements and calculations to determine the height of Mount Everest. In 1852, he calculated the height to be 29,002 feet (8,840 meters), which was remarkably close to the modern-day measurement of 29,029 feet (8,848 meters).

Sikdar's accurate calculation of Mount Everest's height was a significant achievement in the field of geodesy and cartography. His work contributed to the mapping and understanding of the Himalayan region, and it established Mount Everest as the highest peak in the world.

Despite his remarkable contribution, Radhanath Sikdar's role in the measurement of Mount Everest's height was initially overshadowed by the fame and recognition given to Sir George Everest. However, in recent years, efforts have been made to acknowledge and honor Sikdar's contribution to the landmark measurement.

Radhanath Sikdar passed away on May 17, 1870, leaving behind a legacy of scientific achievement and accurate measurement. His work continues to be celebrated as a significant milestone in the understanding of Earth's geography and the exploration of the Himalayas.

 

17 May - The New York Stock Exchange is formed.

 

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) was established on 17 May 1792. This event is historically significant as it marked the beginning of organized securities trading in the United States. The NYSE, located on Wall Street in New York City, has since become one of the world's largest and most influential stock exchanges, playing a central role in global finance.

The formation of the NYSE was preceded by the Buttonwood Agreement, which was signed on 17 May 1792, by 24 stockbrokers and merchants under a buttonwood tree located at 68 Wall Street. This agreement established rules for securities trading and laid the foundation for what would become the New York Stock Exchange.

Over the centuries, the NYSE has evolved and expanded, adapting to changes in technology, regulation, and market dynamics. Today, it facilitates the trading of a wide range of securities, including stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and other financial instruments, and it continues to be a symbol of the global financial system.

 

17 May - National Day Against Homophobia (Canada)

 

In Canada, May 17th is observed as the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia (IDAHOTB), rather than specifically as a "National Day Against Homophobia." However, Canada has been actively involved in promoting equality and combating discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression.

On May 17th, various organizations, communities, and individuals in Canada participate in events and activities to raise awareness about the challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals and to promote acceptance, inclusion, and diversity. These initiatives often include educational workshops, panel discussions, art exhibitions, film screenings, marches, and rallies, among other activities.

Additionally, the Canadian government has implemented policies and legislation to protect the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals and to address discrimination and inequality. Canada legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in 2005 and has continued to make progress in areas such as gender identity and expression protections, healthcare access, and anti-discrimination laws.

While May 17th serves as a focal point for raising awareness and advocating for LGBTQ+ rights, the fight against homophobia, transphobia, and discrimination is ongoing throughout the year in Canada.

 

17 May - Navy Day Argentina

 

Navy Day in Argentina, known as "Día de la Armada Argentina," is observed on 17th May each year. This day commemorates the Battle of Montevideo, which took place on 17 May 1814, during the Argentine War of Independence. The battle was a significant naval engagement between the Argentine fleet, commanded by Admiral William Brown, and Spanish forces.

Navy Day is an occasion to honor the Argentine Navy and its contributions to the country's defense and maritime heritage. It is marked with various ceremonies, parades, and events held across Argentina, particularly in naval bases and ports. These celebrations often include naval displays, demonstrations, and exhibitions showcasing the capabilities and achievements of the Argentine Navy.

Additionally, Navy Day serves as an opportunity to recognize the bravery and sacrifice of naval personnel who have served their country throughout history. It's a day of pride for Argentina's maritime traditions and a time to reaffirm the importance of the navy in safeguarding the nation's interests and maritime resources.

 

17 May - Galician Literature Day

 

Galician Literature Day, or "Día das Letras Galegas" in Galician, is an annual celebration held in the Galicia region of Spain on May 17th. This day honors Galician literature and pays tribute to Galician writers and poets who have contributed significantly to the literary heritage of the region.

The celebration typically includes various cultural events, such as readings, literary gatherings, book fairs, exhibitions, and performances, all dedicated to promoting and celebrating Galician language and literature. It's a day for Galicians to reflect on their cultural identity and linguistic heritage, as well as to recognize the importance of literature in preserving and enriching their cultural legacy. Each year, a different Galician writer is chosen as the honoree, and their life and works are highlighted throughout the festivities.

 

17 May - Constitution Day (Nauru)

 

Constitution Day in Nauru is celebrated annually on May 17. Nauru is a small island country in Micronesia. The island became a German colony in the 19th century. After WWI, it became a League of Nation Mandate administered by the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. Between 1942 and 1945, Nauru was occupied by Japan. After WWII, it became a UN trust territory.

Nauru was granted independence from Australia, New Zealand, and the UK on 31January 1968. The constitution of the newly independent state was adopted on the same day. However, on  17 May 1968, the Constitutional Convention of Nauru incorporated a number of alterations into the country's main law that is why this day is now celebrated as Constitution Day.
 

17 May - Norway Constitution Day

 

Norway's Constitution Day, known as "Syttende mai" (17th of May), is one of the most important national holidays in Norway. It commemorates the signing of the Norwegian Constitution on  17 May 1814, which declared Norway as an independent nation after centuries of Danish rule. Despite this declaration, Norway entered into a union with Sweden shortly after, which lasted until 1905 when Norway gained full independence.

On Constitution Day, Norwegians celebrate their independence and national identity with various festivities, parades, and cultural events. The day typically begins with children's parades, where schoolchildren, dressed in traditional Norwegian clothing (bunad), march through the streets waving flags and singing patriotic songs. These parades often feature marching bands, flag bearers, and other community groups.

In addition to the parades, there are speeches, concerts, and other public gatherings throughout the country. Many people decorate their homes and streets with flags and buntings, and traditional Norwegian food, such as hot dogs, ice cream, and cakes, are enjoyed by families and friends.

Constitution Day is a time for Norwegians to come together to celebrate their history, culture, and unity as a nation. It's a joyous and festive occasion that holds great significance for people of all ages across Norway.