13 January - Lohri Festival

 

Lohri is a popular winter festival celebrated primarily in the northern regions of India, especially in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and parts of Jammu. It marks the end of winter and the arrival of longer days. Lohri usually falls on the 13th of January every year.

Key features and traditions associated with the Lohri festival include:

1. Bonfire (Lohri diyaan): The central feature of Lohri celebrations is the lighting of a bonfire. People gather around the bonfire, throw offerings such as sesame seeds, popcorn, jaggery, and sugarcane into the fire, and sing traditional folk songs and dance around it. The bonfire symbolizes the return of longer days and the warmth of the sun.

2. Traditional Music and Dance: People engage in traditional folk dances, especially the Bhangra and Gidda, during Lohri celebrations. These dances are accompanied by energetic music and add to the festive atmosphere.

3. Sweets and Savories: Traditional Punjabi dishes and sweets are an integral part of Lohri celebrations. People prepare and share special foods like Sarson da Saag (mustard greens) and Makki di Roti (corn bread). Sesame seeds and jaggery-based sweets like til ladoo and gajak are also popular.

4. Exchange of Greetings and Gifts: Lohri is a time for socializing, and people exchange greetings and gifts with friends and family. It is considered a time of joy and prosperity.

5. Harvest Festival: Lohri is also seen as a harvest festival, celebrating the winter crop's yield. Farmers express gratitude for the bountiful harvest during this time.

6. Cultural Significance: The festival has cultural and historical significance, especially in the agrarian communities of northern India. It is often associated with the tale of Dulla Bhatti, a legendary hero who helped the poor and is remembered during Lohri celebrations.

Lohri is a time for community bonding, joy, and festivity, with people coming together to celebrate the harvest season and express their gratitude. The festival is marked by enthusiasm, music, dance, and the spirit of sharing.

13 January - Jan van Goyen birth anniversary

 

Jan van Goyen was born on 13 January 1596, in Leiden, Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands), and he passed away on 27 April 1656, in The Hague, Dutch Republic.

 

Jan van Goyen (1596–1656) was a Dutch landscape painter of the Dutch Golden Age. He was born on 13 January 1596 in Leiden,Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands), and became one of the leading landscape artists of his time. Van Goyen's works are known for their atmospheric and tonal qualities, often featuring serene river scenes, countryside views, and coastal landscapes.

Key points about Jan van Goyen:

1. Artistic Style: Van Goyen's paintings typically showcase a muted color palette, and he had a distinctive style marked by loose brushwork and an emphasis on capturing the effects of light and atmosphere.

2. Travel and Influence: Jan van Goyen traveled extensively throughout the Netherlands, drawing inspiration from various locations. His work was influenced by the Haarlem school of landscape painters and later by his contact with Esaias van de Velde.

3. Prolific Output: Van Goyen was a prolific artist, producing a large number of paintings during his career. His works include landscapes, seascapes, and cityscapes.

4. Financial Struggles: Despite his artistic success, Jan van Goyen faced financial difficulties throughout his life. He invested heavily in tulip bulbs during the speculative tulip market, which led to financial setbacks.

5. Legacy: Jan van Goyen's work had a lasting impact on Dutch landscape painting, and he influenced subsequent generations of artists. His son, Jan Josephszoon van Goyen, also became a landscape painter.

Jan van Goyen's contributions to the Dutch Golden Age of painting have left an enduring mark on art history. His landscapes continue to be admired for their tranquility and atmospheric qualities. He passed away on 27 April 1656, in The Hague, Dutch Republic.

13 January - Yennayer

 

Yennayer is the Amazigh (Berber) New Year, celebrated by the Amazigh people in North Africa. It marks the beginning of the agricultural year and typically falls on January 13 or 14 in the Gregorian calendar. The date can vary slightly as it is determined based on the lunar Islamic calendar.

Key features of Yennayer celebrations include:

1. Traditional Foods: Families come together to share special meals featuring traditional Amazigh dishes. Couscous, tajines, and various types of bread are commonly prepared.

2. Cultural Festivities: Yennayer is a time for cultural celebrations, including music, dance, and storytelling. People may gather for community events featuring traditional Amazigh music and dance performances.

3. Symbolic Foods: Certain foods and ingredients are considered symbolic during Yennayer. For example, people often eat a dish called "agousal" made from seven different types of grains and legumes, symbolizing abundance and prosperity.

4. Gift-Giving: It is common for people to exchange gifts during Yennayer as a way of wishing each other well for the coming year.

5. Bonfires: In some regions, bonfires are lit to symbolize the triumph of light over darkness and to bring good luck for the new year.

Yennayer is a cultural celebration that reflects the rich heritage and traditions of the Amazigh people. It has gained recognition in recent years, and efforts have been made to promote the celebration as part of the cultural diversity in North Africa.

 

13 January - Stephen Foster Memorial Day

 

Stephen Foster Memorial Day is not a widely recognized or observed public holiday, and it may not be familiar to many people. However, Stephen Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864) was a prominent American songwriter known for his contributions to American music during the 19th century.

Stephen Foster is often referred to as the "father of American music" and is best known for composing many popular and enduring songs, including "Oh! Susanna," "Camptown Races," "Beautiful Dreamer," and "My Old Kentucky Home." His compositions are deeply rooted in American folk traditions and have become part of the country's musical heritage.

His contributions to American music are commemorated and celebrated through various events, performances, and tributes, particularly in the realm of folk and traditional music. It's possible that some local or regional observances or events may take place to honor his legacy, but such commemorations would not be widely recognized on a national scale.

 

13 January - Malanka traditional Ukrainian folk

 

Malanka is a traditional Ukrainian folk celebration that takes place on January 13th, which corresponds to New Year's Eve in the Julian calendar. The celebration is especially popular in Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus. Malanka is part of the broader Christmas and New Year festivities and is marked by various customs, rituals, and festive events.

Key features of Malanka celebrations include:

1. Masquerade and Costumes: People dress up in costumes and masks, often depicting characters from folklore, animals, or historical figures. The costumes are colorful and elaborate, contributing to the festive atmosphere.

2. Processions: In some regions, there are processions of costumed individuals moving from house to house, singing, dancing, and spreading joy. Participants often carry symbolic items and engage in playful interactions with the community.

3. Mummers' Plays: Mummers' plays, traditional folk performances with comedic or dramatic elements, are a common part of Malanka celebrations. These plays often involve characters like a bride and groom, a king, a gypsy, and others, and they convey humorous or satirical stories.

4. Music and Dancing: Music and dance play a significant role in Malanka celebrations. People gather for communal dances, songs, and lively music, adding to the festive atmosphere.

5. Feasting: Like many traditional celebrations, Malanka involves communal feasting. Families and communities come together to share special foods and dishes during the festivities.

Malanka is deeply rooted in folk traditions and has variations in different regions. It is a time for communities to come together, celebrate the turning of the year, and enjoy the richness of Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian cultural heritage. The date of Malanka on January 13th aligns with the Julian calendar, which is 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar.

 

13 January - Democracy Day Cabo Verde

 

January 13th is Democracy Day in Cabo Verde. This holiday celebrates the first democratic elections that took place on January 13, 1991.The Republic of Cabo Verde gained its independence in 1975 with Guinea-Bissau through the leadership of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde (PAIGC), and the later formation of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) in Cabo Verde.

 

 

13 January - Constitution Day (Mongolia)

 

Constitution Day in Mongolia is observed on January 13th. This day commemorates the adoption of the country's first democratic constitution on January 13, 1992. The new constitution marked a significant moment in Mongolia's history, as the nation transitioned from a one-party socialist system to a multiparty democracy.

Mongolia's Constitution Day is a national holiday, and various events and activities take place across the country to celebrate the principles of democracy and constitutional governance. It is a day to reflect on the values enshrined in the constitution, such as the protection of human rights, the rule of law, and the democratic principles that guide the nation.

The constitution adopted in 1992 replaced the previous socialist constitution that had been in place since 1960. The transition to a democratic system represented a pivotal moment in Mongolia's modern history and laid the foundation for the country's political, social, and economic development. Constitution Day is an occasion for Mongolians to celebrate their democratic achievements and to reaffirm their commitment to the principles outlined in the constitution.

 

13 January - St. Knut's Day

 

St. Knut's Day, also known as Tjugondag Knut or Knut's Day, is a tradition observed in Sweden and some other Nordic countries. It falls on January 13th and marks the end of the Christmas season.

The name "Knut" refers to King Canute IV of Denmark, who was sainted after his death. According to the tradition, the Christmas decorations are taken down on St. Knut's Day, symbolizing the official end of the Christmas festivities. In Sweden, this day is often celebrated with gatherings, parties, and the practice of "plundering the Christmas tree." This involves children and sometimes adults "plundering" the Christmas tree of its ornaments, sweets, and decorations before it is taken down.

St. Knut's Day is a blend of religious and secular customs, and its observance varies in different regions. It's a way for people to come together, enjoy one last festive occasion, and conclude the holiday season before returning to their regular routines.

13 January - Henry Ford patents a soybean car

 

On 13 January 1942, Henry Ford patented a Soybean car (a plastic car), which is 30% lighter than a regular car.

Henry Ford came up with a unique tubular steel framework which he could bolt his plastic panels on. It is believed the plastic was made from Soybean, so that car was also called Soybean car.

The plastic Ford never made it into production as World War 2 started.

13 January - The cruise ship Costa Concordia sinks

 

The Costa Concordia cruise ship encounter a tragic incident on January 13, 2012. On that day, the Costa Concordia, operated by the Costa Cruises line, ran aground off the coast of Isola del Giglio, Italy. The ship, carrying thousands of passengers and crew members, struck a rock, causing a large gash in its hull.

The accident led to the capsizing of the Costa Concordia, resulting in the loss of lives and injuries. The evacuation process was challenging, and the incident drew widespread attention due to the scale of the disaster and the subsequent investigation into the captain's actions. The Costa Concordia sinking remains one of the notable maritime disasters in recent history.

 

13 January - The Mickey Mouse comic strip starts

 

The comic strip launched on January 13, 1930, written by Disney himself, with art by Ub Iwerks. The strip begins with young Mickey as an optimistic, imaginative young mouse living on a farm, and dreaming of becoming a great aviator like his hero, Charles Lindbergh.

13 January - Anthony Foss received a patent for accordion

 

Anthony Foss received a patent for an improvement to the accordion on 13 January 1854. Foss, a musician and inventor from Philadelphia, made modifications to the accordion's design, including changes to the reeds and bellows system. This patent represents one of the early developments in the evolution of the accordion, contributing to its continued refinement and popularity as a musical instrument.

13 January - Badlu Singh birth anniversary

 

Badlu Singh VC (13 January 1876 – 23 September 1918) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

He was born in village Dhakla, district Rohtak (now Jhajjar), Haryana, India. His father was Lal Singh.

VC Badlu Singh was born in the village Dhakla of Rohtak now Jhajjar District, Haryana. After which he joined the British Army. He was a Risaldar in 14th Murray's Jat Lancers, British Indian Army, attached to 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse), during the First World War when he performed the deed on 23 September 1918 at Khes Samariveh, Jordan River, Palestine for which he was posthumously awarded the VC.
 

13 January - Maria Sibylla Merian death anniversary

 

Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717) was a German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator known for her pioneering work in the fields of entomology and botany. She was one of the first naturalists to observe and document the metamorphosis of insects in a systematic way.

Key points about Maria Sibylla Merian:

1. Early Life and Background: Maria Sibylla Merian was born on April 2, 1647, in Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany). Her father was the engraver and publisher Matthäus Merian the Elder.

2. Artistic Training: Merian showed an early interest in art and natural history. She received training as an artist under her stepfather, Jacob Marrel, and later married Marrel's apprentice, Johann Andreas Graff. She had two daughters from her first marriage.

3. Study of Insects and Metamorphosis: Merian's fascination with insects led her to study their life cycles and metamorphosis. Her meticulous observations and illustrations of the stages of development of insects, particularly butterflies and moths, were groundbreaking.

4. Expedition to Surinam: In 1699, at the age of 52, Merian undertook a groundbreaking scientific expedition to the Dutch colony of Surinam in South America. She documented the local flora and fauna, including insects, in her work "Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium."

5. Published Works: Merian's most notable works include "The Caterpillars' Marvelous Transformation and Strange Floral Food" (1679) and "The Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam" (published posthumously in 1705). Her works were notable for their scientific accuracy and detailed illustrations.

6. Legacy: Maria Sibylla Merian's contributions to natural history, entomology, and scientific illustration have earned her recognition as a pioneering figure in these fields. Her work laid the foundation for future studies of insect metamorphosis.

Maria Sibylla Merian's artistic and scientific legacy continues to be celebrated, and her contributions to the understanding of insects and their life cycles have left a lasting impact on the fields of biology and illustration. Maria Sibylla Merian passed away on January 13, 1717, in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands).

 

13 January - Rakesh Sharma birth anniversary

 

Rakesh Sharma is a former Indian Air Force wing commander and astronaut who became the first Indian citizen to travel in space. He was born on 13 January 1949, in Patiala, Punjab, India. Rakesh Sharma achieved this historic milestone during the Soviet Union's Soyuz T-11 mission on April 2, 1984.

As part of the Intercosmos program, Rakesh Sharma flew aboard the Soyuz T-11 spacecraft, spending eight days in space. He conducted various experiments and observations during his mission, contributing to both Indian and Soviet space programs.

One of the most memorable moments associated with Rakesh Sharma's space journey occurred when he was asked by the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, about how India looked from space. His famous reply was, "Saare Jahan Se Achha" (better than the entire world).

After his space mission, Rakesh Sharma retired from the Indian Air Force with the rank of Wing Commander. He has since been involved in various public and private sector roles in India.

Rakesh Sharma's achievement as the first Indian in space remains a significant moment in the history of space exploration and is a source of pride for the people of India.