25 January - Today's featured picture on Wikipedia - Lahaul and Spiti district

 

Lahaul and Spiti is a district of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Located in the Himalayas, it was formed by the merger of the districts of Lahaul and Spiti in 1960. At the 2011 census of India, it was the least densely populated district of India. This photograph shows the valley of the Bhaga River in Lahaul, with the villages of Kardang (left) and Biling (right) visible on opposite sides of the river, near the district headquarters of Kyelang.

Photograph credit: Timothy A. Gonsalves

Link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/January_2025

25 January - National Voters Day or Rashtriya Matdata Diwas

 

National Voters' Day is celebrated in India on January 25th every year. The day is observed to encourage, facilitate, and maximize the enrollment of new voters and to promote informed and ethical voting among the eligible citizens of the country. National Voters' Day was first celebrated on January 25, 2011, to mark the Foundation Day of the Election Commission of India (ECI), which was established on January 25, 1950.

Key objectives and activities associated with National Voters' Day:

1. Encouraging Voter Registration: The day aims to motivate eligible citizens who have attained the age of 18 to register themselves as voters.

2. Educating Voters: National Voters' Day promotes voter education and awareness. Activities include the distribution of voter guides, handbooks, and informational materials to make voters aware of their rights and responsibilities.

3. Special Events: Various events, seminars, and workshops are organized by the Election Commission of India and other authorities at the national, state, and local levels to engage with the public and spread awareness about the importance of voting.

4. New Voter ID Distribution: In some cases, National Voters' Day is marked by the distribution of newly issued Voter ID cards to eligible voters.

5. Oath Taking: A highlight of the day is the administration of the National Voters' Day Pledge to all citizens, emphasizing the importance of free and fair elections.

6. Recognition: Outstanding contributions to the electoral process are recognized and felicitated. Awards may be given to government officials, organizations, and individuals who have played a significant role in the election process.

National Voters' Day serves as a platform to strengthen the democratic fabric of the nation by encouraging more people to participate in the electoral process and exercise their right to vote.

 

25 January - World War II: The Battle of the Bulge ends.

 

The Battle of the Bulge was a significant World War II military engagement that took place on the Western Front from 16 December 1944, to 25 January 1945. It was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during the war.

The battle's name, "Battle of the Bulge," refers to the large bulge that developed in the front line as German forces pushed into the Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium. The Germans aimed to split the Allied forces, capture the vital Belgian port city of Antwerp, and possibly force the Western Allies to negotiate a separate peace.

The German offensive caught the Allies off guard, as they did not expect a large-scale attack during the winter months. The initial German advance was successful, with the creation of the bulge in the Allied lines. However, the Allies quickly rallied and mounted a determined defense.

The weather during the Battle of the Bulge was harsh, with thick fog and low cloud cover, limiting the effectiveness of Allied air support. Despite these challenges, the Allies managed to hold key positions and ultimately repel the German offensive. The Battle of the Bulge resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, but the Allies emerged victorious.

The successful defense by the Allies marked a turning point in the Western Front. The German Army suffered significant losses in terms of manpower, equipment, and morale, making it increasingly difficult for them to mount any more large-scale offensives. The battle paved the way for the Allies to advance into Germany and ultimately achieve victory in Europe. The Battle of the Bulge remains one of the largest and bloodiest battles fought by the United States during World War II.

25 January - National Nutrition Day (Indonesia)

Food and Nutrition Day (Hari Gizi dan Makanan), also known as National Nutrition Day (Hari Gizi Nasional), is an Indonesian observance held every year on January 25. It commemorates the anniversary of the founding of Poorwo Soedarmo’s dietetic school in 1951.

Dr Poorwo Soedarmo was a well-known Indonesian nutritionist. He is often referred to as the “Father of Nutrition” in his home country. Soedarmo served as the head of medical services of Banten Province during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. He had to resign and leave the country in 1948, amidst Indonesian struggle for independence, and went to the Netherlands and then to the UK.

While in London, Soedarmo undertook studies at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and developed an interest in nutrition. Upon his return to Indonesia, Soedarmo set up a dietetic school with the help of Dutch nutritionists who stayed in the country to work under a contract following the proclamation of Indonesian independence.

Food and Nutrition Day was created to recognize Soedarmo’s contribution to the development of dietetics in Indonesia. Its main task is to emphasize the importance of proper nutrition for the health of every Indonesian, as well as for the life of the nation as a whole. The holiday is marked with special events held at educational institutions throughout the country, where students are taught the basics of proper nutrition.

25 January - National Police Day Egypt

 

National Police Day in Egypt is celebrated on January 25th each year. It commemorates the 1952 police officers' revolt against British colonial rule and the corruption within the Egyptian monarchy. This event marked a significant turning point in Egypt's history, eventually leading to the establishment of the Republic of Egypt.

The revolt began on January 25, 1952, when a group of Egyptian police officers initiated a strike in protest against low salaries and poor working conditions. The movement quickly gained momentum and turned into a broader anti-British and anti-monarchy demonstration. The protests continued for several days, leading to clashes between the protesters and the authorities.

The culmination of these events eventually contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic of Egypt on June 18, 1953. As a result, January 25th is celebrated as National Police Day to honor the role that the police officers played in the movement for national independence.

On this day, various events and ceremonies are held across Egypt to honor the police force and their contributions to the country's history. The day is also an opportunity to reflect on the importance of security forces in maintaining law and order within the nation.

25 January - Mother Teresa is honored with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

 

Mother Teresa was awarded India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, on 25 January  1980, for her humanitarian work. Born to an Albanian family in Macedonia, her original name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She left home at the age of 18 and came to India the following year.

25 January - National Tourism Day India

 

National Tourism Day in India is observed on January 25th each year. This day is dedicated to promoting tourism and creating awareness about the significant contributions of the tourism industry to the country's economy.

National Tourism Day aims to highlight the cultural, social, economic, and environmental impact of tourism. Events and activities may be organized by various tourism-related organizations, travel agencies, and government bodies to encourage people to explore different tourist destinations and appreciate the diversity of India.

 

25 January - The first Winter Olympics begin was held in Chamonix, France in 1924

 

The first Olympic Winter Games were indeed held in Chamonix, France. The event took place from 25 January to 04 February  1924. This marked the beginning of the Winter Olympics, a counterpart to the Summer Olympics, with a focus on winter sports.

Key points about the 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics:

1. Host City: Chamonix, located in the French Alps, was chosen as the host city for the inaugural Winter Olympics.

2. Duration: The Winter Games of 1924 lasted for 11 days, from January 25 to February 4.

3. Participating Nations: Sixteen nations participated in the 1924 Winter Olympics, with a total of 258 athletes (all male) competing.

4. Sports and Disciplines: The sports featured in the 1924 Winter Olympics included ice hockey, figure skating, bobsleigh, curling, skiing, and military patrol (a precursor to modern biathlon). There were a total of 16 events.

5. Opening Ceremony: The opening ceremony took place on January 25, 1924, at the Olympic Stadium in Chamonix.

6. Medals: The concept of awarding gold, silver, and bronze medals for first, second, and third place, respectively, was introduced at the 1924 Winter Olympics.

7. Legacy: The success of the 1924 Winter Olympics laid the foundation for the continuation of the Winter Games, which have since become a regular and integral part of the Olympic movement.

The Chamonix Winter Olympics set the stage for the growth and development of winter sports competitions at the international level. Since then, the Winter Olympics have been held every four years, featuring a diverse range of winter sports and attracting athletes from around the world.

25 January - Edward III becomes King of England in 1327

 

Edward III became King of England on 25 January 1327, following the death of his father, Edward II. Edward III's reign was a significant period in English history, marked by military achievements, including the early successes of the Hundred Years' War against France.

Key points about Edward III and his reign:

1. Ascension to the Throne: Edward III ascended to the throne at the age of 14 after his father, Edward II, was forced to abdicate.

2. Early Years: During the early years of his reign, Edward III's mother, Queen Isabella, and her lover, Roger Mortimer, held significant influence. However, Edward III asserted his authority and, in 1330, took control of the government.

3. Hundred Years' War: Edward III played a prominent role in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), a conflict between England and France. The English achieved notable victories, including the Battle of Crécy (1346) and the Battle of Poitiers (1356).

4. Order of the Garter: Edward III founded the Order of the Garter, the oldest and most prestigious British order of chivalry, around 1348.

5. Decline in Later Years: In the later years of his reign, Edward III faced challenges, including financial difficulties and the Black Death, a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the mid-14th century.

6. Abdication: In 1376, Edward III suffered a decline in health, and his eldest son, Edward, the Black Prince, predeceased him in 1376. Edward III died on 21 June 1377, and was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II.

Edward III's reign is often remembered for its military successes, cultural achievements, and the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. His legacy includes the establishment of the Order of the Garter, a symbol of chivalry and prestige in medieval England.

 

25 January - Arjan Singh became the first ‘Marshal of the Indian Air Force’

 

Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh DFC was born on 15 May 1919 at Lyallapur, educated at Montgomery and later at Government College in Lahore. He was selected for flying training course at Cranwell in 1939 and was last of Indian Air Force officers trained there and subsequently got commissioned as a pilot in Royal Indian Air Force in Dec 1939. He joined No. 1 Sqn at Ambala, first on Wapiti aircraft and then converted to Hurricane aircraft. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in 1944 for his outstanding leadership in Burma campaign during World War II. He was appointed as the Chief of the Air Staff in July 1964 and promoted to the rank of Air Chief Marshal in December 1965. Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh, DFC after 33 years of retirement was made the first ever ‘Marshal of the Air Force’ in recognition of his extra ordinary services on Friday, 25 January 2002. He passed away on 16 September 2017.

25 January - Himachal Pradesh was declared a full-fledged state in 1971

 

Himachal Pradesh was declared a full-fledged state of India on January 25, 1971. Prior to this, Himachal Pradesh was a union territory. The announcement of statehood for Himachal Pradesh was a significant development in the political history of the region.

Key points about Himachal Pradesh becoming a full-fledged state:

1. Union Territory Status: Himachal Pradesh was initially formed as a union territory on November 1, 1956, by integrating the hilly regions of the former Punjab state.

2. Statehood Demand: Over the years, there were demands from the people of Himachal Pradesh for full statehood, as it would provide the region with more autonomy and resources for its development.

3. Statehood Granted: On January 25, 1971, Himachal Pradesh was officially declared the 18th state of the Indian Union, gaining full statehood status. This decision was part of the broader reorganization of states in India.

4. Celebration of Statehood Day: January 25 is celebrated annually as Himachal Pradesh Statehood Day to commemorate the day the state was officially formed.

5. Capital: Shimla, which had been the summer capital of British India, continued to be the capital of Himachal Pradesh after it became a full-fledged state.

The transition from a union territory to a full-fledged state allowed Himachal Pradesh to have its own elected government, legislative assembly, and greater administrative autonomy. Statehood has been crucial for the socio-economic development of the region.

 

25 January - Moscow University was founded in 1755

 

Moscow University, officially known as Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), was founded on January 25, 1755. The university is named after Mikhail Lomonosov, a prominent Russian scientist, poet, and polymath, who played a key role in its establishment.

Key points about the founding of Moscow State University:

1. Founder: The university was founded by a royal decree of Empress Elizabeth of Russia, and Mikhail Lomonosov was instrumental in its planning and establishment.

2. Historical Context: The founding of Moscow State University took place during the Russian Enlightenment, a period marked by efforts to modernize education and science in Russia.

3. Early Years: The university initially had three faculties: Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Medicine. Over time, additional faculties and departments were established.

4. Mikhail Lomonosov: Lomonosov, after whom the university is named, was a polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including chemistry, physics, astronomy, and poetry. He played a crucial role in shaping the early development of the university.

5. Campus: The main building of Moscow State University, known as the Main Building or the Principal Building, was constructed on Sparrow Hills and remains one of the iconic landmarks of Moscow.

6. Prominence: Moscow State University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia and is known for its contributions to scientific research, education, and culture. It has consistently ranked among the top universities globally.

The founding of Moscow State University was a significant milestone in the history of Russian education and played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual and cultural landscape of the country.

 

25 January - Vijayaraje Scindia death anniversary

 

Vijayaraje Scindia, also known as Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia, was a prominent Indian political figure known for her contributions to politics and her association with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Here are some key details about her:

1. Birth: Vijayaraje Scindia was born on 12 October 1919, in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.

2. Marriage and Family: She was married to Jivajirao Scindia, the Maharaja of Gwalior. The couple had three children, including Madhavrao Scindia, who later became a prominent politician.

3. Political Career: Vijayaraje Scindia entered politics and joined the Swatantra Party, a political party in India known for advocating free-market policies. Later, she became a member of the Janata Party.

4. Association with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): After the Janata Party's split, Vijayaraje Scindia joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and played a significant role in the party's growth.

5. Electoral Success: She served as a Member of Parliament (MP) multiple times. She was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) in 1957, 1962, 1971, and 1989.

6. Leadership Roles: Vijayaraje Scindia held various leadership positions within the BJP and was known for her commitment to the party's ideology. She also served as the party's vice president.

7. Death: Vijayaraje Scindia passed away on 25 January 2001.

Vijayaraje Scindia is remembered as a strong and influential political leader who played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of India. Her legacy continues through her family's involvement in Indian politics, particularly her son Madhavrao Scindia and grandson Jyotiraditya Scindia, who have also been prominent political figures.

 

25 January - Michael Madhusudan Dutt birth anniversary

 

Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1824–1873) was a prominent Bengali poet and dramatist who played a key role in the literary and cultural renaissance of Bengal during the 19th century. He was born on 25 January 1824, in Sagordari, Jessore district (now in Bangladesh), and his life and works reflect a blend of Western and Indian literary influences.

Key points about Michael Madhusudan Dutt:

1. Early Life and Education: Madhusudan Dutt received his early education in Bengali and Sanskrit. Later, he went to Calcutta (now Kolkata) and studied at Hindu College, where he was exposed to English literature and European ideas.

2. Shift to English: Inspired by English Romantic poets like Byron and Shelley, Madhusudan Dutt began writing poetry in English. His early works in English include "A Ballad of Puran Bhagat" and "The Captive Ladie."

3. Switch to Bengali: Despite initial success in English literature, Madhusudan Dutt eventually shifted to writing in Bengali. His decision to write in Bengali was influenced by a desire to connect with a wider audience and contribute to the development of Bengali literature.

4. Epic Poem "Meghnad Badh Kavya": One of his most famous works is the epic poem "Meghnad Badh Kavya," which is considered a masterpiece of Bengali literature. The poem is based on the Ramayana but focuses on the character of Meghnad (Indrajit), the son of Ravana.

5. Dramatic Works: Madhusudan Dutt also wrote several plays, including "Sharmistha," "Padmavati," and "Krishna Kumari." His plays were influenced by both Western and Indian dramatic traditions.

6. Death and Legacy: Michael Madhusudan Dutt passed away on 29 June 1873 in Calcutta. His contributions to Bengali literature, especially his role in popularizing the use of blank verse, had a lasting impact on the literary landscape of Bengal.

Madhusudan Dutt's willingness to experiment with different forms and languages and his blend of Western and Indian influences make him a significant figure in the history of Bengali literature.

25 January - Robert Burns birth anniversary

 

A Burns supper is a celebration of the life and poetry of the poet Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796), the author of many Scots poems. The suppers are normally held on or near the poet's birthday, 25 January, known as Burns Night (also called Robert Burns Day or Rabbie Burns Day). However, in principle, celebrations may be held at any other time of the year. Burns suppers are held all around the world.

25 January - Manabendra Nath Roy death anniversary

 

Manabendra Nath Roy (born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, better known as M. N. Roy; 21 March 1887 – 25 January 1954) was an Indian revolutionary, radical activist and political theorist, as well as a noted philosopher in the 20th century. Roy was the founder of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India (Tashkent group).

He was also a delegate to congresses of the Communist International and Russia's aide to China. In the aftermath of World War II Roy moved away from orthodox Marxism to espouse the philosophy of radical humanism, attempting to chart a third course between liberalism and communism.