18 September - Samuel Johnson birth anniversary

 

Samuel Johnson (born 18 September 1709 – died 13 December 1784) was a towering figure in English literature, best known for his contributions as a writer, poet, essayist, and lexicographer. He is most famous for compiling "A Dictionary of the English Language" in 1755, which became one of the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language. Johnson's works also include literary criticism, political pamphlets, and a biography of his friend, the poet Richard Savage.

Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, Johnson faced early struggles, including poverty and illness, yet his remarkable intellect and wit helped him rise to prominence. His literary club, known as The Club, included distinguished members like Edmund Burke and James Boswell, the latter of whom would go on to write Johnson's celebrated biography, "The Life of Samuel Johnson".

In addition to his lexicographical work, Johnson's essays, particularly those written for The Rambler and The Idler, showcased his moral philosophy and insight into human nature. Despite enduring bouts of depression and illness, he became a revered moral authority and a central figure in London’s literary scene. Johnson's legacy continues to influence English literature and lexicography to this day.

18 September - Operation Polo officially concluded

 

On 18 September 1948, Operation Polo officially concluded when the Indian Army accepted the surrender of the Nizam of Hyderabad's army, effectively ending the Nizam's rule and integrating Hyderabad into the Indian Union.

Key Points about Operation Polo:

1. Background: After India gained independence in 1947, most princely states acceded to either India or Pakistan. However, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the ruler of one of the largest and wealthiest princely states in India, wanted to remain independent and refused to join India. This led to escalating tensions between the Indian government and Hyderabad.

2. Operation Polo: In response to the growing unrest, including the actions of the Nizam's paramilitary force, the Razakars, and to prevent the risk of Hyderabad becoming a center for instability, India launched a military action on 13 September 1948. The operation was led by Major General J.N. Chaudhuri. Within five days, the Indian Army swiftly defeated the Nizam's forces.

3. Surrender: On 18 September 1948, the Nizam's forces officially surrendered to the Indian Army, marking the end of the operation and the annexation of Hyderabad into India.

4. Aftermath: The Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, was retained as a ceremonial head for some time, and Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union. The successful conclusion of Operation Polo helped further solidify India's territorial integrity in the post-independence era.

Operation Polo is a significant event in Indian history, marking the resolution of the Hyderabad issue and the end of princely autonomy in the region.

18 September - Harvey Washington Wiley birth anniversary

 

Harvey Washington Wiley (18 September 1844 – 30 June 1930) was an American chemist who played a significant role in the early 20th century in advocating for food safety and the regulation of the food and drug industry. Here are key points about Harvey W. Wiley:

1. Pure Food and Drug Act: Wiley is best known for his work in advocating for the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This landmark legislation aimed to ensure the safety and purity of food and drugs sold to consumers.

2. Chief Chemist: Wiley served as the Chief Chemist of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from 1883 to 1912. During his tenure, he conducted experiments known as the "Poison Squad" studies to investigate the effects of certain food additives and preservatives on human health.

3. Poison Squad Studies: Wiley's Poison Squad experiments involved volunteers who consumed food containing various chemical additives to study their effects. These studies helped raise awareness about the need for food safety regulations.

4. Resignation: Wiley's advocacy for food safety often put him at odds with certain industries. He resigned from his position at the USDA in 1912 due to conflicts over policy and disputes with his superiors.

5. Later Career: After leaving the USDA, Wiley continued to be involved in public health issues. He served as the President of Good Housekeeping magazine and remained an influential figure in the field of consumer protection.

6. Legacy: Harvey W. Wiley is remembered as a pioneer in the field of food safety and consumer protection. His efforts, along with the Pure Food and Drug Act, laid the groundwork for the establishment of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1930.

7. Wiley's Farm: In retirement, Wiley and his wife established a farm near Washington, D.C., known as "Wiley's Farm," where they promoted organic farming practices and hosted gatherings focused on health and nutrition.

Harvey W. Wiley's work significantly contributed to the establishment of regulations that protect consumers from harmful substances in food and drugs. His legacy continues to influence food and drug safety policies to this day.