The selection of Ottawa as the capital of the Province of Canada was made by Queen Victoria's royal proclamation on 31 December 1857. Ottawa was chosen to replace Kingston as the capital, primarily because of its more central location between the cities of Montreal and Toronto, reducing the risk of American invasions and promoting national unity.
The Province of Canada was a British colony formed by the union of the provinces of Canada West (present-day Ontario) and Canada East (present-day Quebec) following the Act of Union in 1840. The decision to choose Ottawa reflected a desire for a more defensible and centrally located capital for the unified colony.
The actual construction and development of Ottawa as the capital took place in the subsequent years. The Parliament Buildings and other key government structures were established, and Ottawa officially became the capital of the Province of Canada when Queen Victoria issued a Royal Charter in 1859. The city continued to serve as the capital when Canada became a self-governing dominion within the British Empire in 1867 and eventually as the capital of the independent nation of Canada in 1867.
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