31 January - Alva Myrdal birth anniversary

 

Alva Myrdal (1902–1986) was a Swedish diplomat, politician, and social reformer. Here are some key aspects of her life and career:

1. Early Life and Education:

   • Alva Myrdal was born on 31 January 1902, in Uppsala, Sweden.
   • She studied at the University of Stockholm and later earned a doctorate in sociology.

2. Marriage to Gunnar Myrdal:

   • Alva Myrdal married economist Gunnar Myrdal in 1924. They had two children, including politician and diplomat Jan Myrdal.

3. Social Reform and Diplomacy:

   • Alva Myrdal was actively involved in social and political issues, advocating for social welfare, education, and disarmament.
   • She served as a Member of Parliament in Sweden from 1943 to 1947.
   • Alva and Gunnar Myrdal collaborated on a comprehensive study of race relations in the United States, resulting in the influential book "An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy."

4. International Diplomacy:

   • Alva Myrdal served as Sweden's Ambassador to India from 1955 to 1961.
   • She played a crucial role in disarmament efforts and was a key figure in the negotiations leading to the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963.

5. Nobel Peace Prize:

   • In 1982, Alva Myrdal was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Mexican diplomat Alfonso García Robles for their work on disarmament.

6. Later Years:

   • Alva Myrdal continued to be involved in various international organizations and initiatives until her death.
   • She passed away on 01 February 1986, in Stockholm, Sweden.

Alva Myrdal left a lasting impact on Swedish and international affairs, particularly in the areas of disarmament, peace, and social justice.

 

31 January - The Great Eastern steamship launched in 1858

 

The Great Eastern, a large steamship designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and John Scott Russell, was  launched at Millwall on January 31, 1858. The ship was notable for its massive size and innovative design, featuring five funnels. The Great Eastern was intended for both transatlantic passenger service and as a cable-laying ship.

Despite its technological advancements, the Great Eastern faced challenges, including financial difficulties and engineering issues. The ship's original purpose as a passenger liner was not as successful as hoped, but it later found use in laying the first successful transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866.

The launch of the Great Eastern marked a significant moment in maritime history, and the ship remains a fascinating example of Victorian engineering and innovation.

 

31 January - Sylvester I became the Bishop of Rome (Pope) in 314

 

Pope Sylvester I, also known as Saint Sylvester, was the bishop of Rome from 314 to his death in 335. He served as the Pope during a significant period in the history of the Christian Church. Here are some key points about Pope Sylvester I:

1. Tenure: Sylvester I became the Bishop of Rome (Pope) on January 31, 314. His pontificate lasted until his death on December 31, 335.

2. Council of Nicaea: One of the most notable events during Pope Sylvester's tenure was the First Council of Nicaea in 325. While Sylvester himself did not attend due to old age, he sent legates to represent him. The council addressed theological controversies, particularly the Arian heresy, and formulated the Nicene Creed.

3. Constantine the Great: Sylvester I is traditionally associated with the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. According to legend, Sylvester supposedly cured Constantine of leprosy, leading to the emperor's conversion to Christianity. However, many historians consider this story to be more of a legend than a historical fact.

4. Construction of Churches: Pope Sylvester I is said to have contributed to the construction of several churches in Rome. The Basilica of St. John Lateran is traditionally linked to him.

5. Death: Pope Sylvester I died on December 31, 335. He was buried in the Church of St. Praxedes in Rome.

Pope Sylvester I is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on December 31. It's important to note that historical accounts from this period can sometimes be intertwined with legend and tradition, and separating fact from myth can be challenging.