12 June - Democracy Day in Nigeria

 

Democracy Day in Nigeria is celebrated annually on June 12. This day commemorates the country's return to democracy and honors the annulled 1993 presidential election, which is widely regarded as the freest and fairest election in Nigeria's history. Here’s a brief overview of its significance and history:

Significance of June 12

1. 1993 Presidential Election: On June 12, 1993, Nigeria held a historic presidential election. Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale (MKO) Abiola, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), was poised to win against Bashir Tofa of the National Republican Convention (NRC).

2. Election Annulment: Despite the apparent victory of MKO Abiola, the military government led by General Ibrahim Babangida annulled the election, citing various irregularities. This led to widespread protests and civil unrest.

3. Struggle for Democracy: The annulment spurred a pro-democracy movement, with Nigerians demanding the actualization of the election results and the end of military rule. MKO Abiola himself declared himself president in 1994, which led to his arrest and imprisonment. He died in custody in 1998 under mysterious circumstances.

4. Return to Civilian Rule: Following a period of political turmoil and the death of military dictator General Sani Abacha in 1998, Nigeria transitioned to civilian rule on May 29, 1999, with Olusegun Obasanjo becoming the president.

Establishment of June 12 as Democracy Day

For many years, May 29 was observed as Democracy Day, marking the day Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999. However, in June 2018, President Muhammadu Buhari declared June 12 as the new Democracy Day to honor MKO Abiola and the significance of the 1993 election. This change was officially implemented in 2019.

Observance

Democracy Day is a public holiday in Nigeria, marked by various events including:

• Public Addresses: The President of Nigeria delivers a national address.
• Celebrations and Remembrances: Ceremonies and events are held to honor the struggle for democracy and the sacrifices of those who fought for it.
• Reflection: It serves as a day for Nigerians to reflect on the values of democracy, good governance, and the importance of free and fair elections.

Democracy Day underscores Nigeria's commitment to democratic principles and serves as a reminder of the nation's journey towards democratic governance.

 

12 June - The earliest form of bicycle, the dandy horse, was driven by Karl von Drais in 1817

On June 12, 1817, Karl von Drais, a German inventor, rode the earliest form of the bicycle, known as the "dandy horse" or "Draisine." This event marked a significant milestone in the development of personal transportation.

The dandy horse, also called the "running machine," was a two-wheeled, human-powered vehicle without pedals. Riders propelled themselves by pushing their feet against the ground, much like modern-day balance bikes for children. The frame was made of wood, and it featured a steering mechanism that allowed the front wheel to be turned by a handlebar.

Karl von Drais's invention was a response to the need for a more efficient means of travel, particularly following the severe shortage of horses caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, which led to the "Year Without a Summer" and widespread agricultural failure.

Drais demonstrated his invention on a route from Mannheim to the Schwetzinger Relaishaus, covering approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) in less than an hour, a remarkable feat at the time. This invention laid the groundwork for the development of modern bicycles, influencing future designs and technological advancements in personal transportation.

12 June - Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.

 

On June 12, 1964, Nelson Mandela, a prominent anti-apartheid activist and leader of the African National Congress (ANC), was sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in acts of sabotage against the apartheid regime in South Africa. This sentencing followed the infamous Rivonia Trial, named after the suburb of Johannesburg where ANC leaders were arrested in 1963. Mandela and his co-defendants were charged with four counts of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government by violent means.

During the trial, Mandela delivered a powerful speech from the dock, known as the "I Am Prepared to Die" speech, where he defended the ANC's decision to engage in armed struggle and highlighted the injustices of apartheid. Mandela and his co-accused were convicted and initially faced the death penalty, but this was commuted to life imprisonment.

Mandela spent the next 27 years in prison, mostly on Robben Island, before being released in 1990 amid mounting domestic and international pressure. His imprisonment became a symbol of the broader struggle against apartheid, and his eventual release marked the beginning of the end for the apartheid system. Mandela went on to become South Africa's first black president in 1994 and played a pivotal role in the country's transition to a multiracial democracy.

12 June - Helsinki Day in Finland

Helsinki Day, celebrated on June 12, is an annual event in Finland's capital city, Helsinki. This day marks the anniversary of the city's founding by King Gustav I of Sweden in 1550. Helsinki Day is a festive occasion filled with a variety of activities that cater to residents and visitors of all ages. The celebrations include outdoor concerts, art exhibitions, guided tours, and special events organized by local communities and cultural institutions. Public spaces and parks come alive with performances, food stalls, and interactive activities that showcase the rich history, culture, and vibrant urban life of Helsinki. The day also features official ceremonies, including speeches by city officials and the awarding of the Helsinki Medal to individuals who have made significant contributions to the city. Helsinki Day is a cherished tradition that fosters a sense of community and pride among its residents, highlighting the unique character and dynamic spirit of Finland's capital.

12 June - Philippines Independence Day

 

Philippines Independence Day, known locally as Araw ng Kalayaan or Araw ng Kasarinlan, is celebrated on June 12 each year. This significant national holiday marks the anniversary of the Philippines' declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule in 1898. The declaration, made by Filipino revolutionary leader General Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial control of Spain. The day is commemorated with various patriotic activities, including flag-raising ceremonies, military parades, and cultural programs across the country. Filipinos come together to honor their history, celebrate their national identity, and reflect on the sacrifices made by their ancestors for the nation's freedom. The festivities are vibrant and filled with displays of national pride, highlighting the rich cultural heritage and resilient spirit of the Filipino people.