Sir Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray (August 2, 1861 – June 16, 1944) was a distinguished Indian chemist, educator, and entrepreneur, widely regarded as the father of modern Indian chemistry. Born in Raruli-Katipara, now in Bangladesh, Ray pursued his higher education at the University of Edinburgh, where he earned his D.Sc. in chemistry. Upon returning to India, he joined the Presidency College in Kolkata as a professor of chemistry, where he made significant contributions to chemical research and education.
Ray is renowned for his discovery of the compound mercurous nitrite and for founding Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, India's first pharmaceutical company. His research work and publications, including the seminal "History of Hindu Chemistry," highlighted the rich scientific heritage of ancient India. A dedicated nationalist and social reformer, Ray actively supported the Swadeshi movement, promoting self-reliance and the use of indigenous products. His legacy continues to inspire scientists and educators, embodying the spirit of scientific inquiry and national pride.
The Royal Society of Chemistry honoured his life and work with the first ever Chemical Landmark Plaque outside Europe. He was the founder of Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, India's first pharmaceutical company. He is the author of A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century (1902).
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