27 September - Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded in 1925

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded on 27 September 1925, in Nagpur, Maharashtra, by Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar. Established during a period of growing social and political upheaval in India, the RSS aimed to unify the Hindu community and foster a sense of cultural pride and nationalism. Dr. Hedgewar believed that the strength of Indian society lay in its Hindu identity and envisioned the RSS as an organization that would build a disciplined, morally upright, and self-reliant society. The RSS promotes the concept of Hindutva, or the essence of Hindu culture, and works to strengthen India's social fabric through its network of volunteers.

Organized through thousands of local branches called "shakhas," the RSS focuses on community service, cultural preservation, education, and character building. Over the decades, it has played a key role in various socio-political movements, from supporting the Indian independence struggle to participating in disaster relief and social reforms. It has also given rise to a number of affiliated organizations, collectively known as the Sangh Parivar, including the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Despite controversies surrounding its ideology, the RSS remains a significant force in Indian society and politics.

 

27 September - Native American Day

 

Native American Day is celebrated on the fourth Friday of September every year to honor and recognize the history, culture, and contributions of Native American peoples in the United States. Observed on different dates across various states, it is particularly recognized on the fourth Friday of September in states like California and Nevada. The day serves as an opportunity to acknowledge the profound impact Native American communities have had on the history and development of the country, from their ancient traditions and knowledge of the land to their influence on art, music, language, and governance.

Native American Day aims to promote understanding and respect for Native American cultures, addressing the historical injustices faced by Indigenous peoples. Events and activities often include educational programs, cultural exhibitions, traditional dance performances, and storytelling sessions that highlight the rich heritage of Native American tribes. The day also encourages reflection on the ongoing struggles for Native American rights, recognition, and environmental protection. Through this celebration, efforts are made to foster stronger relationships between Native American communities and broader society, emphasizing unity, respect, and shared history.

27 September - Save The Koala Day

 

Save The Koala Day, celebrated on the last Friday of September each year, is a significant event dedicated to raising awareness about the conservation of koalas, one of Australia's most beloved and vulnerable species. Koalas face numerous threats, including habitat loss due to deforestation, urban development, bushfires, disease (notably chlamydia), and the broader impacts of climate change. On this day, conservation groups, environmentalists, and the public come together to highlight the urgent need for protective measures to preserve the koalas' natural habitat. Activities such as fundraising drives, educational programs, and tree-planting initiatives are common, with the goal of restoring koala habitats and ensuring a sustainable future for these iconic marsupials. The day also encourages individuals and communities to engage in long-term conservation efforts, supporting organizations dedicated to the welfare of koalas. Through increased awareness and action, Save The Koala Day hopes to safeguard the species for generations to come.

27 September - S. R. Ranganathan death anniversary

 

S. R. Ranganathan, whose full name was Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan, was a renowned Indian librarian and mathematician. He is often considered the father of library science in India and made significant contributions to the field of library and information science worldwide. Ranganathan was born on August 9, 1892, in Shiyali, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Tamil Nadu, India), and he passed away on September 27, 1972.

Ranganathan's work is best known for his "Five Laws of Library Science," which he formulated in 1931. These laws are considered fundamental principles in library science and have had a lasting impact on the organization and management of libraries. The Five Laws of Library Science are:

1. Books are for use.
2. Every reader, their book.
3. Every book, its reader.
4. Save the time of the reader.
5. The library is a growing organism.

Ranganathan's contributions to library science extended beyond these laws, and he played a vital role in developing library classification systems, cataloging rules, and information retrieval techniques. His work has had a lasting influence on the development of modern library science and information management practices.

In recognition of his significant contributions, S. R. Ranganathan received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime. His legacy continues to shape the field of library and information science, both in India and around the world.

27 September - Vithalbhai Patel birth anniversary

 

Vithalbhai Patel, elder brother of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the stalwarts of the nationalist movement in the ‘twenties’ and ‘thirties’. Jawaharlal Nehru in his autobiography, wrote that he had been “a great and indomitable fighter for India’s freedom”. He joined the Congress in 1915. Later he became a Swaraj Party leader and a close associate of Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das. A brilliant parliamentarian, he was elected as President of the Central Assembly in 1925. Master of parliamentary rules and procedures he evoked praise from all quarters for editing the proceedings of the house. Yet, as Nehru has noted, he had become a thorn in the tender side of the government on account of his independence (of them) and attempts were made to clip his wings”. Vithalbhai Patel was born on 27 September 1873 in Karmasad in Gujarat. After an early education at Karmasad and Nadiad, Vithalbhai went to Bombay and qualified for district leadership. In a few years, he became a well-known lawyer with considerable practice. His younger brother, Vallabhbhai followed in his footsteps. After his return from England in 1908, as a barrister, Vithalbhai practiced in Bombay. Two years later after he lost his wife, he devoted himself entirely to public affairs. He was President of the Bombay Corporation and later he was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council as a representative of local self-governing bodies. Elected to the Central Assembly in New Delhi in 1915 he was very actively engaged in the political affairs of the day. In 1918, he was the Chairman of the Reception Committee for the Congress session held in Bombay. The next year he was representing the Congress in a delegation sent to England to represent its views to the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Govt. of India Act. During the following year also he again went to England to plead India’s case. When Gandhiji started the non-cooperation movement Vithalbhai resigned his Assembly seat. Later in 1922, when differences arose on the issue of Council entry Vithalbhai along with C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party. This Party won 45 seats in the 1923 elections. Two years later he became the President of the Central Assembly. In 1930, when the Congress boycotted the legislatures, Vithalbhai resigned. The same year he was arrested along with other members of the Working Committee. Due to ill health, which dogged him from then on, he was released before the end of his term. In 1932 he was once again arrested, but due to illness, was allowed to go to Vienna for treatment. But illness did not prevent him from proceeding on a strenuous lecture tour of the United States. On his return to Vienna, he met Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, who was then living there. Vithalbhai died on 22 October 1933 in Geneva, where he had gone to plead India’s case at the League of Nations. Jawaharlal Nehru has paid a moving tribute to Vithalbhai Patel which cannot be bettered. “His passing away was a painful event and the thought of our veteran leaders leaving us in the way, one after another, in the midst of our struggle was extraordinarily depressing”. Many tributes were paid to Vithalbhai and most of these laid stress on his ability as a Parliamentarian and his success as President of the Assembly. Vithalbhai was something much more than that – he had been a great and indomitable fighter for India’s freedom. Source: Information Brochure of Commemorative Postage Stamp issued by Department of Posts.

Refrence: https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/index.htm 

27 September - "Locomotion No. 1," first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public railway line

 

On September 27, 1825, George Stephenson's steam locomotive, "Locomotion No. 1," made history by becoming the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public railway line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in England. This event is a significant milestone in the history of rail transportation, as it marked the beginning of the steam locomotive era and the expansion of railway networks that would revolutionize transportation and industry in the 19th century.

George Stephenson is often regarded as one of the pioneers of steam locomotion and played a crucial role in the early development of railways. His work laid the foundation for the rapid expansion of railways in the 19th century, revolutionizing transportation and commerce by making long-distance travel and the transportation of goods faster and more efficient.

The successful operation of "Locomotion No. 1" marked the beginning of the railway era and the widespread adoption of steam locomotives for both passenger and freight transport. It was a key moment in the history of transportation and had a profound impact on the industrial and economic development of the time.

 

27 September - Albert Einstein's paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", introducing the equation E=mc² in 1905

 

The physics journal "Annalen der Physik" published Albert Einstein's groundbreaking paper titled "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" in 1905. The paper is more commonly known by its English translation: "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" In this paper, Albert Einstein introduced the famous equation E=mc², which is one of the most iconic equations in the field of physics.

The equation E=mc² expresses the equivalence of mass (m) and energy (E), with the constant of proportionality being the speed of light squared (c²). This equation fundamentally changed our understanding of the relationship between matter and energy, and it has had profound implications in various branches of physics, including nuclear physics and the development of atomic energy.

Einstein's work in this paper laid the foundation for the theory of special relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and motion. It had a significant impact on the development of modern physics and led to many important discoveries and technological advancements in the 20th century.

 

27 September - The Tripartite Pact

 

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was a military alliance signed on September 27, 1940, during World War II. It was an agreement between Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan. The pact aimed to establish a mutual defense alliance among these three major Axis powers and outlined their collective goals and strategies in the war.

Key provisions of the Tripartite Pact included:

1. Mutual Assistance: The signatory countries pledged to support each other in case of attack by a country not already involved in the war (i.e., the Allied Powers, including the United States and the United Kingdom).

2. No Separate Peace: The signatories agreed not to make a separate peace with the Allied Powers, ensuring that they would continue fighting together until a mutually acceptable outcome was achieved.

3. Coordination: The pact aimed to coordinate the military and economic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan in pursuit of their shared objectives.

4. Cultural Exchange: There was a provision for cultural and economic exchange between the signatory nations, although the military aspects of the alliance were the primary focus.

The signing of the Tripartite Pact further solidified the Axis Powers' alliance during World War II. However, it also had significant consequences, particularly regarding the involvement of the United States in the war. Following the signing of the pact, the U.S. became more inclined to provide support to the Allied Powers, eventually leading to its entry into the conflict after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.

The Tripartite Pact played a role in shaping the dynamics of World War II and the alliances between the major powers during the war. As the war progressed, the Axis Powers faced increasing resistance from the Allied Powers, and the pact did not prevent their eventual defeat.

 

26 September - Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay death anniversary

 

Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay, popularly known as Hemanta Mukherjee, was a renowned Indian playback singer, composer, and film director. He was born on 16 June 1920, in Kolkata, India, and passed away on 26 September 1989. Hemanta Mukherjee was a multifaceted artist who made significant contributions to the Indian music and film industry.

Hemanta Mukherjee was known for his melodious and soulful singing. His distinctive voice and emotive renditions made him a beloved playback singer in the Indian film industry, especially in Bengali and Hindi cinema. He sang a wide range of songs, from romantic and devotional to folk and Rabindra Sangeet (songs by Rabindranath Tagore), earning him a dedicated fan following.

Apart from singing, Hemanta Mukherjee was also a skilled music composer and director. He composed music for numerous Bengali and Hindi films, creating memorable melodies that continue to be cherished by music enthusiasts.

Some of his most famous songs include "Tumi Robe Nirobe," "Ei Poth Jodi Na Sesh Hoy," and "Prithibi Ta Naki Choto Hote Hote." Hemanta Mukherjee's music and singing left an indelible mark on the Indian music industry, and his work continues to be celebrated and enjoyed by generations of listeners.

In addition to his contributions to music, Hemanta Mukherjee ventured into film direction and acted in a few movies. His legacy as a versatile and influential artist in Indian music remains strong, and he is remembered as one of the most respected and beloved playback singers and composers in Indian cinema history.

26 September - Day of the National Flag (Ecuador)

 

Day of the National Flag in Ecuador, celebrated on 26 September is a national holiday that honors the country’s flag and its significance in Ecuadorian history and identity. The flag of Ecuador, consisting of three horizontal bands of yellow (top, twice as wide), blue, and red, symbolizes the nation's natural wealth, the sky and ocean, and the blood shed for independence, respectively.

The flag is closely tied to the legacy of Gran Colombia, the short-lived republic of which Ecuador was a part, alongside Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama. Ecuador adopted its current design officially on 26 September 1860, when President Gabriel García Moreno decreed it, reinstating the tricolor flag originally used by Gran Colombia.

On this day, Ecuadorians celebrate with flag-raising ceremonies, parades, and civic events that emphasize patriotism, unity, and respect for the national symbol. Schools, government institutions, and public spaces often participate in commemorations that reflect the importance of the flag in Ecuador’s history and national pride.