11 April - Kasturbai Mohandas Gandhi born

 

Kasturbai Mohandas Gandhi (born Kasturbai Gokuldas Kapadia; 11 April 1869 – 22 February 1944) was an Indian political activist. She was married to Mohandas Gandhi, more commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, in 1883. With her husband and her eldest son, Harilal, she was involved in the Indian independence movement in British India. National Safe Motherhood Day is observed on April 11 every year in India, coinciding with Kasturbai Gandhi's birthday.Mohandas affectionately called her Baa and in letters referred to her as Mrs. Gandhi.

10 April - Arya Samaj founded in 1875

 Arya Samaj, is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sannyasi Dayanand Saraswati on 10 April 1875. Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one God and reject the worship of idols.

10 April - Joseph Pulitzer birth annivesary

 

Joseph Pulitzer, born on 10 April 1847, was a newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World. He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption, and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York.

Today, his name is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established in 1917 as a result of his endowment to Columbia University. The prizes are given annually to recognize and reward excellence in American journalism, photography, literature, history, poetry, music and drama. Pulitzer founded the Columbia School of Journalism by his philanthropic bequest; it opened in 1912.

09 April - The Bataan Death March

 

The Bataan Death March was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of between 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war from Saysain Point, Bagac, Bataan and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell, Capas, Tarlac, via San Fernando, Pampanga.

The transfer began on April 9, 1942, after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II. The total distance marched from Mariveles to San Fernando and from the Capas Train Station to various camps was 65 miles long. Sources also report widely differing prisoner of war casualties prior to reaching Camp O'Donnell: from 5,000 to 18,000 Filipino deaths and 500 to 650 American deaths during the march. If an American soldier was caught on the ground or fell, he would be instantly shot. All the American soldiers who are known to have died or were killed now have a gravestone honoring them.

The march was characterized by severe physical abuse and wanton killings. After the war, the Japanese commander, General Masaharu Homma and two of his officers, Major General Yoshitaka Kawane and Colonel Kurataro Hirano, were tried by United States military commissions for war crimes and sentenced to death on charges of failing to prevent their subordinates from committing war crimes. Homma was executed in 1946, while Kawane and Hirano were executed in 1949. 

07 April - World Health Day

 

World Health Day is a global health awareness day celebrated every year on 7 April, under the sponsorship of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other related organizations.

In 1948, the WHO held the First World Health Assembly. The Assembly decided to celebrate 7 April of each year, with effect from 1950, as the World Health Day. The World Health Day is held to mark WHO's founding and is seen as an opportunity by the organization to draw worldwide attention to a subject of major importance to global health each year.[1] The WHO organizes international, regional and local events on the Day related to a particular theme. World Health Day is acknowledged by various governments and non-governmental organizations with interests in public health issues, who also organize activities and highlight their support in media reports, such as the Global Health Council.[2]

World Health Day is one of 11 official global health campaigns marked by WHO, along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Immunization Week, World Malaria Day, World No Tobacco Day, World AIDS Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Chagas Disease Day, World Patient Safety Day, World Antimicrobial Awareness Week and World Hepatitis Day.

07 April - Ravi Shankar born in 1920

 

 Ravi Shankar (7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012), the greatest proclaimer of the excellence of Indian classical music in the world. He earned fame as a sitar player. Ravi Shankar and Sitara are as if made for each other. He was considered one of the greatest musicians of this century. Ravi Shankar gained a lot of fame abroad. He was very popular and successful abroad. A kind of spiritual peace is found in the music of Ravi Shankar. He was born on 7 April 1920

07 April - Victoria Ocampo birth annivesary

 

 Ramona Victoria Epifanía Rufina Ocampo ( 07 April 1890 – 27 January 1979) was an Argentine writer and intellectual. Best known as an advocate for others and as publisher of the literary magazine Sur, she was also a writer and critic in her own right and one of the most prominent South American women of her time. Her sister is Silvina Ocampo, also a writer. 

07 April - Alwar, Princely State of India signed the accession to the Indian Union 1949

 

Alwar State was a princely state with its capital at Alwar during the period of the British Raj in India.

Founded in 1770 CE by Pratap Singh Prabhakar, its last reigning ruler, H.H. Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur, signed the accession to the Indian Union on 7 April 1949.

The rulers of Alwar were from the Naruka clan of Rajputs. They were originally known as Rao Sahebs of Macheri and were nobles of Jaipur, however they took advantage of the instability caused by the maratha invasions and formed their own independent kingdom in Alwar. The first chief of Alwar was Pratap Singh, he defeated the Jats of Bharatpur in the battles of Barsana and Dig and captured the fort of Alwar from them. He also helped the Marathas against his old master, the Raja of Jaipur and annexed several villages and towns that belonged to Jaipur state.

Following the Partition of India in 1947, Alwar acceded unto the dominion of India with the state's forces participating in and encouraging the killings and expulsion of its Muslim population.

On 18 March 1948, the state merged with three neighbouring princely states (Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli) to form the Matsya Union. This union in turn merged unto the Union of India. On 15 May 1949, it was united with certain other princely states and the territory of Ajmer to form the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan.

For India States stamp collectors ,Alwar is considered a Feudatory state. Four stamps of the same design were issued for Alwar. The design featured an Alwar dagger known as a Kandjar. The dagger was of a unique design, when squeezed, the blades would open like scissors inside it’s victim. The stamps were first recorded in February 1877. They continued in use until 1 July 1902, when the postal service in Alwar was taken over by the British Imperial Post. The stamps were only used in Alwar State.

06 April - Hanuman Jayanti 2023

 

Today is HANUMAN JAYANTI.

Hanuman Jayanti is a Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of the Hindu deity, and one of the protagonists of the Ramayana, Hanuman. The celebration of Hanuman Jayanti varies by time and tradition in each state of India. In most northern states of India, the festival is observed on the full-moon day of the Hindu month of Chaitra (Chaitra Purnima).Hanuman is regarded to be an ardent devotee of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, widely known for his unflinching devotion. He is revered as a symbol of strength and energy, and is venerated for these reasons on this occasion.

05 April - Wilder Graves Penfield death anniversary

 

Wilder Graves Penfield (January 26, 1891 – April 5, 1976) was an American-Canadian neurosurgeon.He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of the brain such as the cortical homunculus. His scientific contributions on neural stimulation expand across a variety of topics including hallucinations, illusions, and déjà vu. Penfield devoted much of his thinking to mental processes, including contemplation of whether there was any scientific basis for the existence of the human soul.

Penfield died on April 5, 1976, of abdominal cancer at Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.