Pope Pius XII, born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, served as the head of the Catholic Church and the sovereign of the Vatican City State from 02 March 1939, until his death on 09 October 1958. and he played a significant role during World War II. His papacy faced both praise and criticism for his responses to the war, particularly regarding the Holocaust.
Pope Pius XII was known for his encyclicals, including "Summi Pontificatus" and "Mystici Corporis Christi," and he was involved in various diplomatic efforts during his tenure. After his death, opinions on his actions during World War II have been the subject of ongoing historical debate.
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