Mahayana is one of the major traditions within Buddhism, representing a diverse range of beliefs, practices, and schools of thought. The term "Mahayana" translates to "Great Vehicle" in Sanskrit, indicating a path of practice that is expansive and aims at the enlightenment of all sentient beings.
Key features of Mahayana Buddhism include:
Bodhisattva Ideal: Mahayana places a strong emphasis on the Bodhisattva ideal. Bodhisattvas are beings who have chosen to postpone their own enlightenment to help others achieve liberation. The aspiration to become a Bodhisattva and work for the benefit of all beings is central to Mahayana practice.
Compassion and Wisdom: Mahayana emphasizes the cultivation of compassion (karuṇā) and wisdom (prajñā) as essential qualities on the path to enlightenment. The union of these qualities is seen as crucial for the Bodhisattva's journey.
Expanded Canon: Mahayana Buddhism has a larger set of scriptures compared to Theravada Buddhism, including texts like the Prajnaparamita Sutras and the Lotus Sutra. These texts provide teachings on the nature of reality, the emptiness of phenomena, and the path to awakening.
Emphasis on Sunyata (Emptiness): Mahayana philosophy often delves into the concept of emptiness (śūnyatā), asserting that all phenomena lack inherent, independent existence. Understanding emptiness is considered vital for achieving liberation.
Worship of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas: Mahayana practitioners often venerate multiple Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, and Tara are among the revered figures in Mahayana Buddhism.
Various Schools: Mahayana encompasses a wide array of schools and traditions, including Pure Land Buddhism, Zen (Chan in Chinese), Tiantai, and Huayan. Each school may have its specific practices and interpretations while sharing common Mahayana principles.
Spread to East Asia: Mahayana Buddhism became dominant in East Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Each of these regions developed its distinct expressions of Mahayana practice.
It's important to note that Mahayana and Theravada are the two primary branches of Buddhism, each with its unique teachings and practices. Mahayana, with its emphasis on compassion, the Bodhisattva ideal, and the aspiration for universal enlightenment, has played a significant role in shaping the cultural and religious landscape of East Asia.
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