07 October - Willem II became King of the Netherlands.

 

On 07 October 1840, Willem II (William II) became the King of the Netherlands following the abdication of his father, King Willem I. Willem II reigned from 1840 to 1849 during a period of significant political change in Europe.

Key Aspects of Willem II's Reign:

• Constitutional Reforms: Willem II's reign is best known for his willingness to embrace political reform. Under his rule, the Netherlands underwent a major shift from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. This came about with the revision of the Dutch Constitution in 1848, a pivotal year of revolutionary movements across Europe.
• Liberal Constitution of 1848: Willem II, reportedly fearing revolutionary uprisings, agreed to the reforms led by statesman Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, which resulted in a new constitution. The 1848 constitution limited the power of the monarchy and transferred authority to a parliamentary system, ensuring freedom of the press, assembly, and religion. This laid the foundation for modern Dutch democracy.
• Foreign Policy and the Belgian Question: Willem II faced challenges in foreign affairs, especially with regard to the Belgian Revolution of 1830, during which Belgium seceded from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Though Willem II's father had struggled with this issue, Willem II's reign saw the formal recognition of Belgium’s independence.

King Willem II passed away in 1849, and his son, Willem III, succeeded him as king.