Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science, completed his doctoral thesis at the university of zurich on 30 April 1905
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International Jazz Day is an International Day declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2011 "to highlight jazz and its diplomatic role of uniting people in all corners of the globe." It is celebrated annually on April 30. The idea came from jazz pianist and UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Herbie Hancock. Jazz Day is chaired by Hancock and the UNESCO Director-General.
George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United
States on April 30, 1789. His inauguration took place on the balcony of
Federal Hall in New York City, which served as the capital at that time.
Washington's presidency marked the beginning of the constitutional
government under the newly adopted United States Constitution. His
leadership set many precedents for future presidents, establishing key
practices and norms that would shape the office of the presidency for
centuries to come.
Louisiana admitted to the Union as the 18th state on April
30, 1812. This admission occurred during the presidency of James
Madison. Louisiana's admission followed the Louisiana Purchase of 1803,
in which the United States acquired a vast territory from France,
doubling the size of the country. The process of Louisiana's statehood
involved negotiations over its boundaries and political organization,
eventually leading to its admission as a full-fledged state in 1812.
Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa (28 April 1791 – 30 April 1837), was the army chief of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The one person who was most feared in the minds of Pathans and Afghans, from Peshawar to Kabul. The name of that personality was General Hari Singh Nalwa. Hari Singh Nalwa, the biggest general of the Sikh army, conquered Kashmir and got his iron convinced. Not only this, he also won Kabul by offering an army. Freed the country from Islamic invasions from Khyber Pass. He was born on 28 April 1791 in Gujranwala, Punjab.
James Watt received a patent for improvements to the steam
engine on April 29, 1769. His improvements significantly enhanced the
efficiency and practicality of steam engines, playing a crucial role in
the Industrial Revolution. Watt's innovations, including the separate
condenser and the use of a double-acting cylinder, made steam engines
more economical and versatile, revolutionizing industries such as
mining, transportation, and manufacturing.
Watt was born in Greenock, Scotland, and showed an early aptitude for engineering and mechanics. In the 1760s, he was tasked with repairing a model Newcomen steam engine, which was used to pump water out of coal mines. Through his work on this engine, Watt recognized the inefficiencies of the design and began developing improvements.
In 1769, Watt patented his first major improvement to the steam engine: the separate condenser. This innovation allowed the steam engine to operate more efficiently by keeping the cylinder hot while condensing steam separately, reducing energy loss. Over the following years, Watt continued to refine his designs, introducing further improvements such as the double-acting engine, which produced power on both the up and down strokes of the piston.
Watt's steam engine became widely adopted across industries, revolutionizing transportation, manufacturing, and mining. It powered factories, facilitated the expansion of railways and steamships, and helped drive economic growth during the Industrial Revolution.
In addition to his work on steam engines, Watt made significant contributions to other areas of science and engineering. He developed various instruments, including the Watt steam indicator for measuring the performance of steam engines, and conducted research on the properties of steam and the nature of heat.
James Watt's legacy endures today, with the unit of power, the watt, named in his honor. He is remembered as one of the most influential figures of the Industrial Revolution, whose inventions and innovations helped shape the modern world.
Bajirao I, passed away on 28 April 1740, was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated Nizam-ul-Mulk at several battles like the Battle of Palkhed and Battle of Bhopal. Bajirao contributed to Maratha supremacy in southern India and northern India. Thus, he was responsible for establishing Maratha power in Gujarat, Malwa, Rajputana and Bundelkhand and liberating Konkan (in the western coast of India) from the Siddis of Janjira and Portuguese rule.
António de Oliveira Salazar was a significant figure in Portuguese history, born on April 28, 1889. He served as the Prime Minister of Portugal for an extended period, from 1932 to 1968. Salazar's tenure was marked by his authoritarian leadership and the establishment of the Estado Novo regime, a corporatist and conservative dictatorship.
Salazar's political ideology was deeply influenced by his conservative Catholic beliefs and his economic theories, which emphasized frugality, stability, and state control. Under his leadership, Portugal experienced a period of relative stability, but also endured political repression, censorship, and economic stagnation.
Salazar's regime maintained a strict grip on power through censorship, secret police, and control over political opposition. Despite this, he managed to maintain Portugal's neutrality during World War II, albeit with sympathies towards authoritarian regimes such as Franco's Spain.
Economically, Salazar pursued policies aimed at reducing Portugal's reliance on foreign imports through protectionism and state intervention. However, his policies also led to economic underdevelopment and widespread poverty in Portugal, particularly in rural areas and the colonies.
Salazar's rule came to an end in 1968 when he suffered a stroke, leading to his replacement by Marcelo Caetano. Salazar's legacy remains complex and controversial in Portugal, with some admiring his leadership and stability, while others condemn his authoritarian methods and support for colonialism.
James Monroe, born on 28 April 1758, was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was the last president of the Virginia dynasty, and his presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings. He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas. He also served as the governor of Virginia, a member of the United States Senate, the U.S. ambassador to France and Britain, the seventh Secretary of State, and the eighth Secretary of War.
Ulysses S. Grant, born on 27 April 1823, was an American soldier, politician, and international statesman, who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. During the American Civil War Grant led the Union Army as its commanding general to victory over the Confederacy with the supervision of President Abraham Lincoln. During the Reconstruction Era, President Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism, racism, and slavery.
On 27 April 1854, the telegraph service was opened to the public and the first telegram was sent from Mumbai to Pune.
Popularly known as ‘Taar’, the telegram service in India was seen as the harbinger of change. For 160 years, the service was both anticipated and feared; bringing good and bad, but urgent news to Indians.
Telegraph services in India date back to 1850. The first telegraph line, though only experimental was established between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour.
The British East India Company started using the telegraph in 1851 and till 1854 telegraph lines were laid across the country.
In 1854, the telegraph service was opened to the public and the first telegram was sent from Mumbai to Pune on 27 April 1854.
Telegraph service thrived in India even after Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876.
Since 1850 till 1902, the telegrams were sent through cable lines, but in 1902, the Indian system went wireless.
Telegraph service was one of the major reasons why British could quell the 1857 revolt. The telegraph service allowed British to mobilise their troops swiftly which undid the plans of the rebellions
( USA Advertising stamp: 1930s New York City: Grant's Tomb, Riverside Dr )
Zohra Sehgal was a legendary Indian actress and dancer who was born on 27 April 1912, in Saharanpur, British India (now in Uttar Pradesh, India), and she passed away on 10 July 2014. She had an illustrious career spanning over seven decades in both Indian and British cinema and theater.
Zohra Sehgal began her career as a dancer with the Uday Shankar Ballet Troupe and later transitioned to acting. She appeared in numerous Indian films, including classics like "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam," "Bhaji on the Beach," "Dil Se..," and "Cheeni Kum." She also gained international recognition for her roles in films such as "Bend It Like Beckham" and "The Mystic Masseur."
Apart from her film career, Sehgal was also actively involved in theater and television. Her vibrant personality and versatile acting skills earned her widespread admiration and accolades throughout her career. Zohra Sehgal's contributions to Indian cinema and culture have left an indelible mark, and she is remembered as one of the pioneering figures in the industry.
World Intellectual Property Day is observed annually on 26 April. The event was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000 to "raise awareness of how patents, copyright, trademarks and designs impact on daily life" and "to celebrate creativity, and the contribution made by creators and innovators to the development of societies across the globe". 26 April was chosen as the date for World Intellectual Property Day because it coincides with the date on which the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization entered into force in 1970.
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