19 October - Plutarco Elías Calles death anniversary

 

Plutarco Elías Calles (born September 25, 1877, died October 19, 1945) was a prominent Mexican politician and military leader. He played a significant role in the Mexican Revolution and was one of the key figures in the early 20th-century transformation of Mexico's political and social landscape.

Calles served as the President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928. During his presidency, he initiated a series of reforms known as the "Calles Laws," which aimed to reduce the power and influence of the Catholic Church in Mexican society. These laws led to the Cristero War, a violent conflict between the Mexican government and Catholic rebels who opposed the secularization of the country.

After his presidency, Calles remained a powerful figure in Mexican politics and continued to influence the ruling party, the National Revolutionary Party (later renamed the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI). He is often considered a key figure in the development of the one-party rule that characterized Mexican politics for much of the 20th century.

Plutarco Elías Calles's legacy is complex, as he is celebrated by some for his efforts to modernize and secularize Mexico but also criticized for his authoritarian tendencies and role in suppressing opposition. His impact on Mexican politics and society remains a subject of historical debate and discussion.

19 October - Matangini Hazra birth anniversary

 

Matangini Hazra, born on October 19, 1870, in the village of Hogla, Bengal Presidency, British India, and died on September 29, 1942, in Tamluk, West Bengal, was a prominent female freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement. She is remembered for her courage and dedication to the cause of Indian independence from British colonial rule.

Key points about Matangini Hazra:

1. Role in the Independence Movement: Matangini Hazra played a significant role in the Indian independence movement, particularly during the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. She actively participated in protests, marches, and demonstrations against British rule.

2. Nonviolent Resistance: Hazra was known for her commitment to nonviolent resistance and was often seen leading groups of women in protest marches, waving the Indian flag and singing patriotic songs.

3. The Tamluk Shooting: One of the most notable incidents in Matangini Hazra's life occurred on September 29, 1942. She led a procession in Tamluk, West Bengal, during the Quit India Movement. When the police ordered the procession to disperse, she continued marching, carrying the national flag. Hazra was shot by the police while bravely advancing with the flag, and she succumbed to her injuries, becoming a symbol of the Indian struggle for freedom.

4. Legacy: Matangini Hazra is revered as a martyr of the Indian independence movement and a symbol of women's contributions to the struggle for freedom. She remains an inspirational figure in Indian history, especially for her dedication to nonviolent protest and her courage in the face of adversity.

Matangini Hazra's life and sacrifice continue to be remembered and celebrated in India as a testament to the unwavering spirit of those who fought for the country's independence from colonial rule.

 

18 October - The University of Heidelberg founded in 1386

 

The University of Heidelberg, officially known as Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), was founded on 18 October 1386 in Heidelberg, Germany. It is Germany's oldest university and one of the oldest surviving universities in the world. Established by Rupert I, Elector Palatine, under the papal bull issued by Pope Urban VI, it was initially modeled after the University of Paris.

Throughout its long history, the University of Heidelberg has been a significant center for research and learning, particularly during the Renaissance and the 19th century. It has played a crucial role in the development of various fields of study, including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. The university is also known for its contributions to philosophy, law, theology, and medicine.

Heidelberg University has produced numerous notable alumni, including philosophers, scientists, and Nobel Prize winners. The institution remains a prestigious and leading research university in Europe, consistently ranked among the top universities globally. Its picturesque campus along the Neckar River and its long-standing traditions make it a symbol of academic excellence in Germany.

18 October - Maharaja Gulab Singh birth anniversary

 

Maharaja Gulab Singh (born 18 October 1792, died 30 June 1857) was a prominent figure in the history of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, which is now part of India and Pakistan. He is best known for his role in establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and for his close association with the British East India Company.

Gulab Singh, a Dogra noble, served as a military general under Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845-46, he made a significant agreement with the British in 1846, the Treaty of Amritsar. This treaty allowed him to rule over the region of Jammu and Kashmir in return for a substantial payment to the British.

Under Gulab Singh's rule, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was established in 1846, with the support of the British, making him its first Maharaja. His dynasty, the Dogra dynasty, continued to rule the region for several decades. Gulab Singh is remembered for his astute diplomacy and the consolidation of his power in a region known for its diverse ethnic and religious groups.

Maharaja Gulab Singh passed away on 30 June 1857, and his legacy remains a significant part of the history of Jammu and Kashmir, which has been a historically and geopolitically complex region.

 

18 October - Thomas Edison death anniversary

 

Thomas Edison (born 11 February 1847 died 18 October 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who is renowned for his significant contributions to the fields of electrical engineering and technology. He is best known for inventing the practical electric light bulb and the phonograph, as well as for his work in developing the electrical power system and the motion picture camera.

Edison held over a thousand patents in his lifetime and played a pivotal role in shaping the modern world. His invention of the incandescent light bulb, which he patented in 1879, revolutionized the way we illuminate our homes and cities. He also established the Edison Electric Light Company to promote and distribute electric power and lighting systems, contributing to the widespread adoption of electricity.

Edison's phonograph, patented in 1877, was a groundbreaking invention that could record and reproduce sound, laying the foundation for the music and recording industry. His innovations in motion pictures led to the development of early motion picture cameras, making him a key figure in the history of cinema.

Thomas Edison's work had a profound impact on various industries and greatly improved the quality of life for people around the world. His legacy as one of the most prolific inventors in history endures to this day.

18 October - Martina Navratilova birthday

 

Martina Navratilova, born on October 18, 1956, is a former professional tennis player and one of the most successful athletes in the history of the sport. She was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) and later became a naturalized American citizen. Navratilova's illustrious tennis career spans several decades and is marked by numerous records and achievements, including:

1. Grand Slam Titles: Martina Navratilova won a total of 18 Grand Slam singles titles and an astounding 31 Grand Slam doubles titles. Her versatility in both singles and doubles play is unmatched in the history of tennis.

2. Longevity: Navratilova's career is notable for its longevity. She competed at a high level for over three decades, which is a testament to her exceptional fitness and skill.

3. Rivalries: She engaged in memorable rivalries with other tennis legends like Chris Evert and Steffi Graf, producing some of the most exciting and competitive matches in the history of the sport.

4. Advocacy: Beyond her on-court success, Navratilova is known for her advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights and her openness about her own identity as a gay athlete. She has been a prominent voice for equality in sports.

5. Legacy: Martina Navratilova's impact on women's tennis and sports, in general, is significant. Her dedication to the sport, unmatched records, and pioneering spirit have made her a respected and influential figure in the world of tennis.

Martina Navratilova remains an icon in the world of tennis and an inspiration for athletes and advocates alike.

18 October - Viswanatha Satyanarayana death anniversary

 

Viswanatha Satyanarayana (born September 10, 1895, died October 18, 1976) was a renowned Telugu writer and poet from India. He is celebrated for his significant contributions to Telugu literature and is often considered one of the most influential literary figures in the Telugu language.

Satyanarayana was a prolific writer and his works spanned various genres, including poetry, fiction, and essays. He is best known for his epic poem "Viswanatha Satyanarayana Kavitha Navaratnalu," which earned him the prestigious Jnanpith Award in 1970. This work is a collection of nine narrative poems that delve into themes of human life, philosophy, and spirituality.

He was deeply influenced by classical Indian literature and philosophy, and his writings often reflected his deep understanding of ancient Indian culture and values. His works helped revive and modernize Telugu literature while preserving its traditional essence.

Viswanatha Satyanarayana's literary legacy continues to be celebrated, and his contributions to Telugu literature have left an indelible mark on the cultural and literary heritage of the Telugu-speaking people.

18 October - Texas Instruments announced the Regency TR-1, the first mass-produced transistor radio in 1954

 

On October 18, 1954, Texas Instruments announced the Regency TR-1, which was the first mass-produced transistor radio. This announcement marked a significant milestone in the history of consumer electronics. The Regency TR-1 was a compact and portable radio that utilized transistors instead of vacuum tubes for amplification, making it more energy-efficient, smaller, and more reliable than earlier tube-based radios.

Transistor radios like the Regency TR-1 quickly gained popularity due to their portability and long battery life, making them a practical choice for on-the-go listening. This breakthrough in transistor technology paved the way for the miniaturization and portability of electronic devices, setting the stage for the development of modern electronics and portable gadgets that we rely on today.

18 October - The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) was founded by a consortium in 1922

 

On October 18, 1922, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was indeed founded by a consortium of leading radio manufacturers, including Marconi, GEC, and Western Electric. The BBC was established to create a public service broadcasting organization for the United Kingdom. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1927, which led to its transformation into the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The BBC has since become one of the world's most prominent and respected public service broadcasters, providing news, entertainment, and educational content to audiences both in the UK and internationally.

17 October - Mother Teresa awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979

 

Mother Teresa, the renowned Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and humanitarian, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on October 17, 1979. She received the Nobel Peace Prize for her selfless and dedicated work in alleviating the suffering of the poor and destitute in Calcutta, India, and for her tireless efforts in promoting peace and humanitarianism. Mother Teresa's lifelong commitment to helping those in need and her dedication to humanitarian causes made her a global symbol of compassion and service, and the Nobel Peace Prize recognition was a testament to her extraordinary contributions to the world.