08 September - Dr. Bhupen Hazarika born in 1926

 

Dr. Bhupen Hazarika (08 September 1926 – 05 November 2011) was an Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet and filmmaker from Assam, widely known as Sudhakantha (सुधाकण्ठ, meaning cuckoo, literally "nectar-throated"). His songs, written and sung mainly in the Assamese language by himself, are marked by humanity and universal brotherhood and have been translated and sung in many languages, most notably in Bengali and Hindi. His songs, based on the themes of communal amity, universal justice and empathy, are especially popular among the people of Assam (India), West Bengal and Bangladesh. He is also acknowledged to have introduced the culture and folk music of Assam and Northeast India to Hindi cinema at the national level. He received the National Film Award for Best Music Direction in 1975, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1987), Padmashri (1977), and Padmabhushan (2001), Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1992), the highest award for cinema in India and Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship (2008), the highest award of the Sangeet Natak Akademi. He was posthumously awarded both the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 2012, and the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 2019.Hazarika also held the position of the Chairman of the Sangeet Natak Akademi from December 1998 to December 2003.

06 September - Sarat Chandra Bose birth anniversary

 

Sarat Chandra Bose (6 September 1889 – 20 February 1950) was an Indian barrister and independence activist.

The 131st birth anniversary of Sarat Chandra Bose will be celebrated on September 6, 2020.This assumes significance as an occasion to make known various aspects of his multifaceted personality which found expression in his roles as a humanist, a patriot and a freedom fighter, a political thinker, parliamentarian, legal practitioner, journalist, a philanthropist, and a man with the most exemplary qualities of head and heart.

05 September - The Non-cooperation movement in 1920

 

The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 5th September, 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress (INC) withdraw its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 20 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.

Noncooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in 1920–22, organized by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha).

01 September - Indian Standard Time introduced in 1947

 

On 1st September 1947 the Indian Standard Time (IST) was introduced as the official time for the whole country.

The Indian Standard Time is observed throughout India, with a time offset of UTC+5:30. This means that India is five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

Indian Standard time (IST) is the time zone observed throughout India, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments. In military and aviation time IST is designated E* ("Echo-Star").

Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.5°E longitude in the city of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, which is situated approximately on the corresponding longitude reference line.

20 November - Leo Tolstoy death anniversary

 

Leo Tolstoy, full name Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, was a Russian writer, philosopher, and social reformer, born on September 9, 1828, at the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana in the Tula Province of Russia. He is best known for his novels, which are considered among the greatest works of fiction ever written. Tolstoy's most famous novels include "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina."

Here are some key points about Leo Tolstoy:

1. Literary Works:

   • "War and Peace" (1869): A monumental epic that explores the impact of the Napoleonic Wars on Russian society.
   • "Anna Karenina" (1877): A tragic novel depicting the consequences of an extramarital affair.
   • "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" (1886): A novella that reflects on the nature of life and death.
   • "Resurrection" (1899): A novel that addresses moral and spiritual issues.

2. Philosophical and Religious Views:

   • Tolstoy underwent a spiritual and philosophical transformation later in life, turning away from the aristocratic lifestyle and embracing a simpler, more ascetic existence.
   • He developed a form of Christian anarchism and espoused nonviolent resistance to injustice, influencing figures such as Mahatma Gandhi.

3. Educational and Social Reforms:

   • Tolstoy was passionate about education and implemented educational reforms on his estate at Yasnaya Polyana, emphasizing a more practical and hands-on approach to learning.

4. Legacy:

   • Leo Tolstoy is considered one of the greatest novelists in world literature.
   • His works have been translated into numerous languages and adapted into various forms of media.

5. Death:

   • Tolstoy passed away on 20 November  1910, at the age of 82, at the Astapovo train station in Russia, while attempting to leave his estate in a self-imposed exile.

Tolstoy's literary and philosophical contributions continue to be studied and appreciated for their profound insights into human nature, morality, and the complexities of society.

28 August - King Cetshwayo last king of the Zulus, is captured by the British in 1879

 

Cetshwayo kaMpande (1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been transliterated as Cetawayo, Cetewayo, Cetywajo and Ketchwayo. He famously led the Zulu nation to victory against the British in the Battle of Isandlwana, but was defeated and exiled following that war.

King Cetshwayo, the last great ruler of Zululand, is captured by the British following his defeat in the British-Zulu War. He was subsequently sent into exile. Cetshwayo’s defiance of British rule in southern Africa led to Britain’s invasion of Zululand in 1879.

In 1872, King Mpande died and was succeeded by his son Cetshwayo, who was determined to resist European domination in his territory. In December 1878, Cetshwayo rejected the British demand that he disband his troops, and in January British forces invaded Zululand to suppress Cetshwayo. The British suffered grave defeats at Isandlwana, where 1,300 British soldiers were killed or wounded, and at Hlobane Mountain, but on March 29 the tide turned in favor of the British at the Battle of Khambula.

King Cetshwayo was subsequently captured and sent into exile, but in 1883 he was reinstated to rule over part of his former territory. However, because of his defeats he was discredited in the eyes of his subjects, and they soon drove him out of Zululand. He died in exile in the next year.

In 1887, faced with continuing Zulu rebellions, the British formally annexed Zululand, and in 1897 it became a part of Natal, which joined the Union of South Africa in 1910.

24 August - Koyapalli Kelappan Nair born in 1889

Koyapalli Kelappan Nair (24 August 1889 – 7 October 1971) was a founding member and president of the Nair Service Society, a reformer, an Indian freedom fighter, educationist and journalist. During Indian independence movement, he was the lead figure of Indian National Congress in Kerala and was popularly known as Kerala Gandhi. After Indian independence, he held various seats in Gandhian.

24 August - Shivaram Hari Rajguru born in 1908

 

24 August is the birth anniversary of the great revolutionary Shivaram Hari Rajguru who was an accomplice of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev. He died for the country at an age when most youths dream of careers.

Shivaram Hari Rajguru (24 August 1908 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian revolutionary from Maharashtra, known mainly for his involvement in the assassination of a British Raj police officer. He also fought for the independence of India and On 23 March 1931 he was hanged by the British government along with Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar.

14 August - Kanyashree Day

14 August is celebrated as Kanyashree Day to promote the scheme throughout the state..

Kanyashree is an initiative taken by the Government of West Bengal to improve the life and the status of the girls by helping economically backward families with cash so that families do not arrange the marriage of their girl child before eighteen years because of economic problem. The purpose of this initiative is to uplift those girls who are from poor families and thus can’t pursue higher studies due to tough economic conditions. It has been given international recognition by the United Nations Department of International Development and the UNICEF.

The scheme has two components:

Annual scholarship of Rs. 1000.00

One time grant of Rs. 25,000.00

The annual scholarship is for unmarried girls aged 13–18 years enrolled in class VIII-XII in government recognized regular or equivalent open school or vocational / technical training courses. Recently the bar of income is withdrawn by Gov. W.B. now every girl can apply for that scheme.

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14 August - USA Social Security Act into Law on in 1935

 

The Social Security Act is a law enacted in 1935  in the USA to create a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older, retired people.Passed during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Social Security Act established old-age benefits for workers and benefits for the jobless, as well as aid for dependent mothers and children, victims of work-related accidents, the blind, and physically disabled.

 Roosevelt presented the plan in early 1935 and signed the Social Security Act into law on August 14, 1935.

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