09 July - Royal Bengal Tiger officially designated as national animal of India

 

On 09 July 1972, India officially designated the Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) as its national animal, following a recommendation by the Indian Wildlife Board. This decision marked a significant step in the country's efforts to conserve its wildlife and natural heritage.

Significance of the Royal Bengal Tiger

• Cultural Symbol: The tiger holds a prominent place in Indian mythology, art, and folklore. It symbolizes strength, power, and grace, making it an ideal representative of the nation's wildlife.
• Biodiversity: The Royal Bengal Tiger is a keystone species in India's ecosystems, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of its natural habitats.

Conservation Efforts

• Project Tiger: Launched in April 1973, shortly after the tiger was declared the national animal, Project Tiger was an ambitious conservation program aimed at protecting tigers and their habitats. The project started with nine tiger reserves and has since expanded to include numerous reserves across the country.
• Legislation: The Indian government has implemented various laws and regulations to protect tigers, including the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, which provides legal protection to tigers and other endangered species.
• Awareness Campaigns: National and international campaigns have been launched to raise awareness about the threats faced by tigers, such as habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. These campaigns aim to garner public support and involvement in conservation efforts.

Current Status

• Population Trends: According to the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the Wildlife Institute of India, the tiger population in India has shown signs of recovery due to concerted conservation efforts. The 2018 tiger census reported an estimated 2,967 tigers in the wild, making India home to nearly 70% of the world's tiger population.
• Ongoing Challenges: Despite positive trends, tigers continue to face significant threats. Habitat fragmentation, human encroachment, and poaching remain persistent issues. Efforts are ongoing to address these challenges through better management of tiger reserves, enhanced law enforcement, and community engagement programs.

Importance of Continued Conservation

• Ecological Balance: Tigers are apex predators, and their presence is essential for the health of ecosystems. They help regulate prey populations and maintain the natural balance.
• Tourism and Economy: Tiger reserves and national parks attract tourists, contributing to local economies and promoting wildlife tourism.
• Global Significance: As a flagship species, the conservation of tigers in India has global implications. Successful tiger conservation in India sets a precedent and provides valuable lessons for wildlife conservation worldwide.

The designation of the Royal Bengal Tiger as India's national animal reflects the country's dedication to preserving its natural heritage and underscores the importance of continued efforts to protect this iconic species for future generations.