14 June - The US Army was established in 1775

 

The United States Army was established on June 14, 1775, by the Second Continental Congress as a response to the growing conflict with Great Britain. This establishment marked the creation of a unified military force to fight for the American colonies' independence, a pivotal moment in the history of the United States. Here are the detailed aspects of its establishment:

Historical Context

1. Pre-Revolutionary Tensions:

   • Leading up to 1775, tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain were escalating due to issues like taxation without representation, restrictive trade policies, and the quartering of British troops in colonial homes.
   • The battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775 marked the beginning of armed conflict between colonial militias and British forces.

2. Continental Congress:

   • The Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in May 1775, bringing together representatives from the Thirteen Colonies to coordinate a collective response to British aggression.
   • On June 14, 1775, recognizing the need for a coordinated military effort, the Congress formally established the Continental Army.

Formation and Leadership

1. Initial Composition:

   • The Continental Army was initially composed of militia units from New England, where the fighting had already begun.
   • The Congress authorized the enlistment of 10 companies of riflemen from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia to join the New England forces.

2. George Washington:

   • On June 15, 1775, the day after the Army was established, the Continental Congress appointed George Washington as the Commander-in-Chief.
   • Washington, a Virginian with experience from the French and Indian War, brought military leadership and a unifying presence to the diverse colonial forces.

Early Challenges and Actions

1. Organization and Training:

   • The Continental Army faced significant challenges in terms of training, supplies, and coordination among the various colonial militias.
   • Washington and his officers worked tirelessly to instill discipline, improve training, and secure necessary supplies and equipment.

2. Initial Campaigns:

   • One of the Army's first major engagements was the Siege of Boston, where Washington successfully fortified positions around the city, leading to the British evacuation in March 1776.
   • Throughout the Revolutionary War, the Continental Army participated in key battles such as the Battle of Trenton, the Battle of Saratoga, and the Siege of Yorktown.

Significance and Legacy

1. Independence and Victory:

   • The Continental Army's perseverance and strategic victories were instrumental in securing American independence, culminating in the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781.
   • The Treaty of Paris in 1783 officially ended the war, recognizing the sovereignty of the United States.

2. Evolution into the US Army:

   • After the Revolutionary War, the Continental Army was disbanded in 1783, but a small force was retained to protect the western frontier and maintain order.
   • The United States Army, as it is known today, was officially established by the Congress of the Confederation on June 3, 1784, inheriting the legacy and traditions of the Continental Army.

3. Modern Celebrations:

   • June 14 is celebrated annually as the Army's birthday, honoring the service and sacrifices of soldiers throughout its history.
   • The day is marked by ceremonies, reenactments, and educational events that highlight the Army's pivotal role in American history and its ongoing contributions to national security.