Richard Wagner, born on 22 May 1813, in Leipzig, Germany, was a seminal composer, conductor, and theatre director, widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of Western music. Known for his complex operatic works, Wagner revolutionized the world of opera with his innovative use of leitmotifs—recurring musical themes associated with specific characters, places, or ideas—and his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk, or "total work of art," which aimed to synthesize music, poetry, drama, and visual spectacle into a cohesive whole. His major works, such as "The Ring of the Nibelung" (a monumental cycle of four operas), "Tristan und Isolde," and "Parsifal," showcase his groundbreaking approach to harmony, orchestration, and structure. Wagner's music is celebrated for its profound emotional depth, intricate textures, and dramatic intensity. Despite his artistic brilliance, Wagner was a controversial figure, known for his outspoken views, including anti-Semitic sentiments, which have marred his legacy. He passed away on 13 February 1883, in Venice, Italy, but his contributions to music and opera continue to resonate, profoundly shaping the development of Western classical music.
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