15 July - Kumaraswami Kamaraj birth anniversary

Kumaraswami Kamaraj (15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975), was the founder and the president of the Indian National Congress (Organisation), widely acknowledged as the "Kingmaker" in Indian politics during the 1960s. He also served as the president of the Indian National Congress for two terms i.e. four years between 1964–1967 and was responsible for the elevation of Lal Bahadur Shastri to the position of Prime Minister of India after Nehru's death and Indira Gandhi after Shastri's death. Kamaraj was the 3rd Chief Minister of Madras State (Tamil Nadu) during 1954–1963 and a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha during 1952–1954[3] and 1969–1975. He was known for his simplicity and integrity. He played a major role in developing the infrastructure of the Madras state and worked to improve the quality of life of the needy and the disadvantaged.

He was involved in the Indian independence movement.As the president of the INC, he was instrumental in navigating the party after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru. As the chief minister of Madras, he was responsible for bringing free education to the disadvantaged and introduced the free Midday Meal Scheme while he himself did not complete schooling. He was awarded with India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976.

15 July - Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy born in 1783

Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 1st Baronet Jejeebhoy of Bombay, (15 July 1783 – 14 April 1859), also spelt Jeejeebhoy or Jeejebhoy, was a Parsi-Indian merchant and philanthropist. He made a huge fortune in cotton and the opium trade with China.He was considered Bombay's most worthy son.

Did you know there was a locality called, `Yatha Ahu Vairyo, Mohalla’ near the Crawford Market in Bombay where Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy was born.


Jamshetj Jejeebhoy became the first Indian to get Knighthood at the age of 74 years conferred by Queen Victoria.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamsetjee_Jejeebhoy

14 July - The Football War in 1969

The Football War (colloquial: Soccer War or the Hundred Hours' War also known as 100 Hour War) was a brief war fought between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969. Existing tensions between the two countries coincided with rioting during a 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifier.The war began on 14 July 1969, when the Salvadoran military launched an attack against Honduras. The Organization of American States (OAS) negotiated a cease-fire on the night of 18 July (hence "100 Hour War"), which took full effect on 20 July. Salvadoran troops were withdrawn in early August.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_War

1930 FIFA World Cup

The 1930 FIFA World Cup was the inaugural FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in Uruguay from 13 to 30 July 1930. FIFA, football's international governing body, selected Uruguay as host nation, as the country would be celebrating the centenary of its first constitution and the Uruguay national football team had successfully retained their football title at the 1928 Summer Olympics. All matches were played in the Uruguayan capital, Montevideo, the majority at the Estadio Centenario, which was built for the tournament.

Thirteen teams (seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America) entered the tournament. Only a few European teams chose to participate because of the difficulty of travelling to South America. The teams were divided into four groups, with the winner of each group progressing to the semi-finals. The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously and were won by France and the United States, who defeated Mexico 4–1 and Belgium 3–0, respectively. Lucien Laurent of France scored the first goal in World Cup history, while that day United States goalkeeper Jimmy Douglas posted the first "clean sheet" in the tournament.


Argentina, Uruguay, the United States and Yugoslavia each won their respective groups to qualify for the semi-finals. In the final, hosts and pre-tournament favourites Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 in front of a crowd of 68,346 people to become the first nation to win the World Cup.

Information Post : Third voyage of James Cook

James Cook (7 November 1728– 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

James Cook's third and final voyage (12 July 1776 – 4 October 1780) took the route from Plymouth via Cape Town and Tenerife to New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands, and along the North American coast to the Bering Strait.

Its ostensible purpose was to return Omai, a young man from Raiatea, to his homeland, but the Admiralty used this as a cover for their plan to send Cook on a voyage to discover the Northwest Passage. HMS Resolution, to be commanded by Cook,were prepared for the voyage which started from Plymouth in 1776.

11 July - Fiat Automobiles founded in 1899

 

Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. originally FIAT, Italian: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, lit. 'Italian Automobiles Factory, Turin') is an Italian automobile manufacturer, a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (previously Fiat S.p.A.). Fiat Automobiles was formed in January 2007 when Fiat reorganized its automobile business,and traces its history back to 1899 when the first Fiat automobile, the Fiat 4 HP, was produced.

On 11 July 1899, Giovanni Agnelli was part of the group of founding members of FIAT, Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Torino. The first Fiat plant opened in 1900 with 35 staff making 24 cars. Known from the beginning for the talent and creativity of its engineering staff, by 1903 Fiat made a small profit and produced 135 cars; this grew to 1,149 cars by 1906. The company then went public selling shares via the Milan stock exchange.

Fiat Automobiles is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy. During its more than century-long history, it remained the largest automobile manufacturer in Europe and the third in the world after General Motors and Ford for over 20 years, until the car industry crisis in the late 1980s.In 2013, Fiat S.p.A. was the second largest European automaker by volumes produced and the seventh in the world, while currently FCA is the world's eighth-largest auto maker.

11 July - Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair birth anniversary

Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair was a prominent Indian lawyer, politician, and jurist who played a significant role in the Indian freedom movement and the development of India's legal system during the colonial era.

Chettur Sankaran Nair was born on 11July 1857, in Kerala, India. He received his education in law from the University of Madras and went on to become a distinguished lawyer, specializing in criminal law. He earned a reputation for his legal acumen and integrity, becoming one of the leading advocates in British India.

In addition to his legal career, Chettur Sankaran Nair was actively involved in politics and social reform. He was a staunch advocate for Indian self-governance and played a key role in the Indian National Congress (INC) during its early years. He served as the President of the INC in 1897.

Chettur Sankaran Nair also made significant contributions to India's legal system. He served as a member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council and played a key role in drafting and enacting important legislation. He was appointed as a Judge of the Madras High Court and later served as a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, the highest court of appeal for the British Empire.

Throughout his life, Chettur Sankaran Nair remained committed to the cause of Indian nationalism and social justice. He received several honors and accolades for his contributions, including a knighthood in 1915.

Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair passed away on 24 April 1934, leaving behind a lasting legacy as a pioneering lawyer, politician, and jurist in India's struggle for independence and legal reform.

11 July - Robert I ( Robert the Bruce) born in 1274

Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Brus; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; Early Scots: Robert Brus; Latin: Robertus Brussius), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert was one of the most famous warriors of his generation, and eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent country and is today revered in Scotland as a national hero.

09 July - Elias howe jr birth anniversary

Elias Howe Jr. (July 9, 1819 – October 3, 1867) was an American inventor best known for his creation of the modern lockstitch sewing machine.

Howe was commemorated with a 5-cent stamp in the Famous American Inventors series issued October 14, 1940.The 1965 Beatles movie Help! is dedicated to his memory.In 2004 he was inducted into the United States National Inventors Hall of Fame.

09 July - Operation Husky in 1943

The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II, in which the Allies took the island of Sicily from the Axis powers (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany). It began with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the Italian Campaign.

To divert some of their forces to other areas, the Allies engaged in several deception operations, the most famous and successful of which was Operation Mincemeat. Husky began on the night of 9–10 July 1943, and ended on 17 August. Strategically, Husky achieved the goals set out for it by Allied planners; the Allies drove Axis air, land and naval forces from the island and the Mediterranean sea lanes were opened for Allied merchant ships for the first time since 1941. The Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, was toppled from power in Italy and the way was opened for the Allied invasion of Italy. The German leader, Adolf Hitler, "canceled a major offensive at Kursk after only a week, in part to divert forces to Italy", resulting in a reduction of German strength on the Eastern Front.The collapse of Italy necessitated German troops replacing the Italians in Italy and to a lesser extent the Balkans, resulting in one fifth of the entire German army being diverted from the east to southern Europe, a proportion that would remain until near the end of the war.