15 September - International Day of Democracy

 

International Day of Democracy is observed on September 15th each year to promote and uphold the principles of democracy worldwide. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007, this day serves as a reminder of the importance of democracy as a system of governance and a fundamental human right.

Democracy is a cornerstone of modern societies, allowing people to participate in decision-making processes, have a say in their governance, and protect their rights and freedoms. It encompasses principles such as equality, transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.

The International Day of Democracy encourages governments, civil society organizations, and individuals to promote and protect democratic values and practices. It emphasizes the importance of inclusive and participatory systems of government that respect human rights and the dignity of all individuals, regardless of their background or beliefs.

Celebrated through various events, discussions, and initiatives, this day serves as a platform for raising awareness about the challenges facing democracies worldwide and for fostering dialogue on ways to strengthen democratic institutions and practices. It underscores the idea that democracy is not just a form of governance but a commitment to ensuring the well-being and empowerment of all people, regardless of their social, economic, or political status.

 

15 September - Silpa Bhirasri Day

 

Silpa Bhirasri Day, celebrated on September 15th each year, honors the life and enduring legacy of Silpa Bhirasri, also known as Corrado Feroci. Born on September 15, 1892, in Italy, and passing away on May 14, 1962, in Thailand, Silpa Bhirasri left an indelible mark on Thai art and culture.

Silpa Bhirasri was a renowned Italian sculptor who played a pivotal role in shaping the artistic landscape of Thailand. Invited by the Thai government in the early 20th century, he established the first Fine Arts College in the country, which later became Silpakorn University in Bangkok. As the founding director, he dedicated himself to nurturing a new generation of Thai artists and fostering a sense of national identity through art.

His enduring contributions to art education, sculpture, and the promotion of Thai art and culture are celebrated on Silpa Bhirasri Day. This observance often features exhibitions, cultural events, seminars, and educational activities, all aimed at honoring his profound influence on Thai art while encouraging the growth and appreciation of artistic traditions in Thailand. Silpa Bhirasri's legacy continues to inspire and enrich the world of art in Thailand and beyond.

 

15 September - World Lymphoma Awareness Day

 

World Lymphoma Awareness Day is observed annually on September 15th. It is a day dedicated to raising awareness about lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is a vital part of the body's immune system.

The primary goals of World Lymphoma Awareness Day are to:

1. Raise Awareness: The day aims to educate the public about lymphoma, including its types, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options. Increased awareness can lead to early detection and better outcomes for those affected by lymphoma.

2. Support Patients: It provides an opportunity to show support for individuals and families affected by lymphoma. Lymphoma can have a significant impact on patients' lives, and this day encourages empathy, understanding, and support for those facing the disease.

3. Promote Research: World Lymphoma Awareness Day also highlights the importance of ongoing research into lymphoma causes, prevention, and treatment. It serves as a reminder of the need for funding and resources to advance scientific knowledge and improve patient care.

4. Advocate for Early Detection: Detecting lymphoma in its early stages can lead to more effective treatment. This day encourages regular health check-ups and early intervention for those at risk.

Efforts to raise awareness on World Lymphoma Awareness Day include educational campaigns, public events, fundraising activities, and the use of social media to share information about lymphoma. Many organizations, healthcare professionals, and patient advocacy groups around the world participate in these initiatives to support those affected by lymphoma and work toward a future with better treatments and outcomes for this type of cancer.

 

15 September - India’s national broadcasting service Doordarshan was started in 1959

 

Doordarshan, India's national public service broadcaster, was officially launched on September 15, 1959. It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in India and is under the control of Prasar Bharati, an autonomous body established by the Government of India.

Doordarshan was India's first television broadcaster and played a pioneering role in bringing television to the masses. It initially started as a part of the All India Radio (AIR) and gradually expanded its services to become a separate entity. Over the years, Doordarshan has played a crucial role in disseminating news, entertainment, educational programs, and cultural content to the diverse population of India.

One of the most iconic programs in the early days of Doordarshan was the "Krishi Darshan" (Agriculture Vision) series, which provided valuable agricultural information to farmers across the country. Doordarshan has also been instrumental in broadcasting major national events, including important political developments, sports events, and cultural festivals.

While the Indian television landscape has since diversified with the advent of private television channels and digital media, Doordarshan continues to serve as an important medium for reaching a wide and diverse audience, especially in rural areas of India. It has adapted to modern technology and continues to play a significant role in broadcasting public service messages, educational content, and cultural programs to the people of India.

 

14 September - Penang Bridge the longest bridge in Malaysia opens to traffic in 1985

 

The Penang Bridge, the longest bridge in Malaysia at the time of its completion, officially opened to traffic on 14 September 1985. This iconic structure connects Penang Island to the mainland of Malaysia, specifically the seaboard town of Perai on the mainland in Seberang Perai. Spanning 13.5 kilometers (8.4 miles), it is one of the most significant infrastructure projects in Malaysia, facilitating transportation and boosting economic activity between Penang and the mainland.

Background:

The idea for the Penang Bridge was proposed in the 1960s, with the goal of improving connectivity between Penang, a key economic hub, and the mainland. Prior to the bridge, the only way to travel between the island and mainland was by ferry. Construction of the bridge began in 1982 under the guidance of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, the then-Prime Minister of Malaysia. It was built by the Korean company Hyundai Engineering and Construction.

Design and Structure:

The Penang Bridge is a dual carriageway toll bridge that features a cable-stayed section in the middle to allow for the passage of ships underneath. Its design has become one of the most recognizable architectural landmarks in Malaysia. The total length of the bridge is 13.5 kilometers, with 8.4 kilometers over water, making it the longest bridge in Southeast Asia at the time of its completion.

Impact:

The opening of the Penang Bridge dramatically improved travel time between Penang Island and the mainland, leading to increased trade, tourism, and development in the region. It continues to be a crucial link in Penang’s infrastructure, handling a significant volume of daily traffic.

Further Development:

To address growing traffic congestion, a second bridge, the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge, was completed in 2014. This second bridge is even longer, at 24 kilometers, and further enhances the connectivity between Penang Island and the mainland.

The Penang Bridge remains an engineering marvel and a symbol of Malaysia’s progress in infrastructure development.

14 September - San Jacinto Day (Nicaragua)

 

San Jacinto Day is a national holiday in Nicaragua, observed annually on 14 September . It commemorates the Battle of San Jacinto, a pivotal event in the country’s history during the mid-19th century. The battle, which took place on 14 September 1856, is remembered as a significant victory for Nicaraguan forces in their fight against foreign invaders, particularly the American filibuster William Walker and his mercenary forces.

Historical Context:

In the mid-1850s, Nicaragua was embroiled in political turmoil, and this internal strife was exploited by William Walker, an American adventurer and mercenary who sought to establish a personal empire in Central America. Walker, with his small army of mercenaries, invaded Nicaragua and declared himself president in 1856. His ambition was to take control of the entire region, supported by some American expansionists.

The Battle of San Jacinto:

The Battle of San Jacinto was fought at the Hacienda San Jacinto, a farm located north of Managua. It involved a group of around 160 Nicaraguan soldiers led by Colonel José Dolores Estrada against approximately 300 filibusters under Walker’s command. Despite being outnumbered and less equipped, the Nicaraguan forces managed to defeat the filibusters after a fierce battle, forcing them to retreat. This victory became a symbol of national pride and resistance to foreign intervention.

Significance:

The victory at San Jacinto marked a turning point in Nicaragua’s struggle against William Walker and his ambitions to conquer Central America. It is celebrated as a symbol of the Nicaraguan people’s resilience and determination to protect their sovereignty. Colonel Estrada and the soldiers who fought at San Jacinto are regarded as national heroes, with the battle becoming an important part of the country’s national identity.

Celebrations:

San Jacinto Day is celebrated with great patriotism in Nicaragua. The day includes military parades, speeches, cultural performances, and patriotic displays across the country. Schools often hold special programs to honor the memory of the soldiers who fought in the battle, and the event is a focal point for instilling a sense of national pride in younger generations. Government officials also pay tribute to the historic victory, emphasizing its significance in Nicaraguan history.

The day precedes Independence Day, which is celebrated on 15 September making it part of a broader celebration of Nicaragua's national pride and independence.

14 September - World First Aid Day

 

World First Aid Day is celebrated on the second Saturday of September. This year it will be celebrated on September 14. Any form of help given to a sick or injured person during an emergency situation is called as first aid. It is provided until a full medical treatment is available. World First Aid Day is celebrated to bring awareness among the people about the importance of first aid.

• “Safety first” is “Safety always”

#WFAD  #FirstAid #Worldfirstaidday #firstaidday #firstaid #WorldFirstAidDay2020

14 September - The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) was founded in 1960

 

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, was founded on September 14, 1960. OPEC is an intergovernmental organization that was established by five major oil-producing countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. The organization was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the goal of coordinating and unifying the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensuring stable oil prices in the global market.

OPEC has since grown to include several other member countries from different regions of the world, and it plays a significant role in influencing global oil production and prices. The organization's actions and decisions regarding oil production quotas and pricing have a substantial impact on the global economy, given the vital role that oil plays in various industries and everyday life.

 

14 September - British calendar in line with the Gregorian calendar

 

The British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, but the process of adoption was not as straightforward as simply switching calendars on a specific date.

The Gregorian calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 as a reform of the Julian calendar, which had been in use for centuries. The Gregorian calendar was designed to bring the date of the spring equinox closer to March 21 and to better align the calendar year with the solar year.

However, it took many years for the Gregorian calendar to be adopted by various countries and regions. In the case of the British Empire, the calendar change did not occur until the 18th century. The British Empire, including its American colonies, transitioned from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in September 1752.

The transition was implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, also known as An Act for Regulating the Commencement of the Year; and for Correcting the Calendar now in Use. According to this act, the day following September 2, 1752, was designated as September 14, 1752, in order to bring the British calendar in line with the Gregorian calendar. This adjustment involved skipping 11 days to make up for the discrepancy between the two calendars.

So, while it is correct to say that the British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar in September 1752, the transition involved a specific adjustment to the calendar to correct the discrepancy between the Julian and Gregorian systems, resulting in the omission of 11 days from the calendar.

13 September - Milton Snavely Hershey birth anniversary

 

Milton Snavely Hershey was a visionary American chocolatier, philanthropist, and founder of the Hershey Chocolate Company. His journey to success was marked by several business failures before he eventually revolutionized the chocolate industry.

Early Life:

Milton was born on September 13, 1857, to Henry and Fannie Hershey in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. His family was of Swiss and German descent. His early years were marked by instability, as his father was a dreamer who often moved the family around. Milton had limited formal education and dropped out of school after the fourth grade to become an apprentice to a local printer. However, his passion lay elsewhere, and he eventually secured an apprenticeship with a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Early Business Ventures:

Hershey's early career was filled with challenges and failures. He tried starting a candy business in Philadelphia in 1876, but it folded after six years. Similar ventures in Chicago and New York City also failed. Undeterred, Hershey returned to Lancaster and started the Lancaster Caramel Company, using fresh milk to make his caramel candies. This innovation proved to be a huge success, and by the late 1880s, his business was thriving.

The Birth of the Hershey Chocolate Company:

In the 1890s, Hershey became fascinated by the potential of chocolate. At the time, chocolate was a luxury product in the United States, and he saw an opportunity to make it affordable for the masses. In 1893, after visiting the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Hershey purchased chocolate-making equipment. He eventually sold his Lancaster Caramel Company for $1 million in 1900 and fully dedicated himself to chocolate-making.

In 1905, Hershey built a massive, modern chocolate factory in Derry Township, where he grew up. This area would soon be known as Hershey, Pennsylvania, a town he envisioned as a model community for his workers. He developed a unique formula for milk chocolate, making it affordable and accessible to the average American consumer. His signature product, the Hershey's Milk Chocolate Bar, became a national sensation.

Philanthropy and Legacy:

Hershey's vision extended beyond business. In 1909, he and his wife, Catherine "Kitty" Hershey, established the Hershey Industrial School (now the Milton Hershey School) for orphaned boys. The school provided education, housing, and care for disadvantaged children, and Hershey transferred the bulk of his wealth to the school’s trust fund. He had no children of his own, and his immense fortune was directed toward the betterment of the community and the welfare of orphans.

Milton Hershey’s philanthropic spirit continued throughout his life, including his funding of the construction of Hershey Park, the Hershey Theatre, and the Hershey Hotel, creating an entire community around the chocolate empire.

Death and Legacy:

Milton Hershey passed away on October 13, 1945, at the age of 88. His contributions to American industry and philanthropy remain significant. The town of Hershey, Pennsylvania, still thrives as a testament to his vision, and the Hershey Company continues to be one of the largest and most recognizable chocolate manufacturers in the world. His school, the Milton Hershey School, is one of the wealthiest and most well-endowed private schools in the United States.

Hershey’s legacy is not just about chocolate but also about his innovative business practices, his dedication to workers, and his deep commitment to philanthropy.