19 November - James A. Garfield birth anniversary

 

James Abram Garfield, born on 19 November 1831, in Orange Township, Ohio, was an American statesman and the 20th President of the United States. His presidency was cut short when he succumbed to injuries from an assassination attempt. Here are some key points about James A. Garfield:

1. Military Service: Garfield began his career as a teacher and later entered politics. During the American Civil War, he served as a major general in the Union Army, distinguishing himself in several battles.

2. Congressional Career: Garfield was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from 1863 to 1880. He was a strong advocate for civil rights and became the only sitting member of the House to be elected president.

3. Presidential Election of 1880: Garfield was the Republican candidate in the 1880 presidential election. He won a close contest against Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock, securing the presidency.

4. Assassination Attempt: Just months into his presidency, on July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker. Garfield survived for over two months while doctors attempted to locate the bullet and treat his wounds.

5. Death: James A. Garfield succumbed to complications from his gunshot wounds on 19 September 1881, at the age of 49. His death marked the second presidential assassination in U.S. history after Abraham Lincoln.

6. Legacy: Garfield's presidency was brief, and he did not have the opportunity to enact significant policies. However, he advocated for civil service reform and worked towards reducing political patronage.

7. Educational Background: Garfield was largely self-taught and had a strong passion for education. He was an advocate for educational opportunities and served as the president of what is now Hiram College in Ohio.

8. Monument: A monument at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio, honors James A. Garfield. The Garfield Monument stands as a tribute to the fallen president and is the final resting place for both James and Lucretia Garfield.

James A. Garfield's presidency was marked by the tragedy of his assassination, preventing him from fully realizing his policy agenda. Despite the brevity of his time in office, Garfield is remembered for his contributions to civil rights and his commitment to education.