The Constitution of Iraq, officially adopted on 15 October 2005, represents a foundational legal document for the country, outlining its governance structure and the rights of its citizens. However, a significant milestone in its development occurred on 15 July 2005, when the Iraqi Transitional National Assembly established a committee tasked with drafting the new constitution. This committee was composed of representatives from various political, ethnic, and religious groups, reflecting Iraq's diverse population.
The drafting process involved extensive negotiations and consultations to address the diverse interests and concerns of Iraq's communities. The goal was to create a constitution that would promote democracy, protect human rights, and ensure the rule of law while recognizing the unique aspects of Iraq's federal system, including the autonomy of the Kurdistan Region.
The completion of the draft constitution was a crucial step in Iraq's transition from decades of dictatorship under Saddam Hussein to a democratic system of governance following the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. The draft was eventually presented to the public and put to a national referendum, where it was approved by a majority of Iraqi voters on 15 October 2005.
The Constitution of Iraq outlines the structure of the federal government, divides power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and enshrines the principles of democracy and human rights. Despite its adoption, the constitution continues to face challenges, particularly concerning the balance of power between the central government and regional authorities, as well as issues of sectarianism and political stability.
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