The Calcutta High Court, one of the oldest high courts in India, was established on 01 July 1862. It was set up under the High Courts Act of 1861, which was enacted by the British Parliament to replace the Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay with high courts.
Here are some key points about the Calcutta High Court:
Historical Background:
- The establishment of the Calcutta High Court marked a significant step in the judicial history of British India.
- It replaced the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, which had been established in 1774.
- The High Courts Act of 1861 was passed to create high courts for various provinces, and the Calcutta High Court was the first to be established under this act.
Inauguration:
- The Calcutta High Court was inaugurated on 01 July 1862.
- Sir Barnes Peacock was appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court.
Architecture and Location:
- The High Court building, located in Kolkata (then Calcutta), is an architectural marvel, designed in the Gothic Revival style.
- It is situated near the banks of the Hooghly River, in close proximity to other colonial-era buildings.
Jurisdiction and Function:
- The Calcutta High Court has jurisdiction over the Indian state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- It functions as a court of record, with the authority to hear both civil and criminal cases, and has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts in its region.
Significance:
- The Calcutta High Court has played a crucial role in the development of Indian jurisprudence.
- It has been involved in several landmark cases and decisions that have shaped the legal landscape of India.
- It continues to be one of the most important judicial institutions in the country.
The Calcutta High Court's establishment on 01 July 1862, is a significant event in the history of Indian judiciary, marking the beginning of a structured judicial system in the country under British rule.
No comments:
Post a Comment