12 February - Chile's National Day

 

Chile declared its independence from Spain on 18 September  1810. The events leading to Chilean independence were part of a broader movement across Latin America known as the Spanish American wars of independence. The struggle for independence in Chile was characterized by a series of political and military developments that unfolded over several years.

The initial move towards independence in Chile began with the Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808, which led to political instability and the establishment of local juntas in various Spanish American territories. In Chile, this process culminated in the formation of the First Government Junta on 18 September 1810. This marked the beginning of the Chilean War of Independence.

The war continued for several years, with significant events such as the Battle of Chacabuco in 1817 and the Battle of Maipú in 1818. The decisive victory at Maipú under the leadership of figures like José de San Martín and Bernardo O'Higgins played a crucial role in securing Chilean independence.

Chile formally proclaimed its independence on 12 February 1818, and the country's first national flag was raised. 12 February is celebrated as Chile's National Day, commemorating the day of the formal declaration of independence.

The process of fully establishing and securing Chilean independence involved further military campaigns and diplomatic efforts. The complete independence of Chile was recognized by Spain in the Treaty of Lircay in 1818, solidifying Chile's status as a sovereign nation.