31 July - Kesava Shankara Pillai birth anniversary

 

K. Shankara Pillai, also known as Shankar Pillai, was an Indian cartoonist and illustrator. He was born on July 31, 1902, in Kayamkulam, Kerala, India, and passed away on December 26, 1989.

Shankar Pillai was a prominent figure in Indian political cartooning and is often considered one of the pioneers of Indian cartoon journalism. He started his career as a journalist and cartoonist in the early 1920s and gained popularity for his satirical cartoons that depicted various political and social issues of his time.

In 1948, Shankar launched "Shankar's Weekly," a widely read magazine that featured cartoons and articles on political and social matters. The magazine was known for its sharp political commentary and wit, and it became an influential platform for expressing dissent and promoting free speech.

Shankar Pillai's cartoons often touched on topics such as corruption, poverty, and the struggles of the common people. He used humor and satire to highlight the flaws and contradictions in Indian society and politics.

Besides his work as a cartoonist, Shankar Pillai was actively involved in promoting art and culture. He played a significant role in the establishment of the National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmedabad, India.

Shankar Pillai's contributions to Indian journalism and art were recognized with several awards, including the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, which he received in 1976.

His legacy continues to influence Indian cartooning and satire, and he is remembered as one of the leading figures in the field of political cartoon journalism in India.

31 July - World Ranger Day

 

World Ranger Day is an international observance held annually on July 31st. It is a day dedicated to honoring and recognizing the work and sacrifices of park rangers around the world who dedicate their lives to protect and preserve natural and cultural heritage.

Park rangers play a crucial role in safeguarding national parks, wildlife reserves, and other protected areas. They are often on the front lines of conservation efforts, working to combat poaching, illegal logging, habitat destruction, and other threats to the environment and wildlife. Additionally, they often serve as educators and guides, sharing their knowledge and passion for nature with visitors.

World Ranger Day was first established by the International Ranger Federation (IRF) in 2007 to commemorate rangers who have lost their lives in the line of duty and to raise awareness about the challenges they face. On this day, various events and activities are organized worldwide to honor the contributions of park rangers and to highlight the need for their continued support and protection.

It is a day to celebrate the dedication and bravery of park rangers and to recognize their role as custodians of our planet's natural treasures. Many organizations and individuals take this opportunity to express gratitude to rangers for their service and to raise awareness about the importance of conserving our natural heritage for future generations.

31 July - USA celebrates Lifeguard Appreciation Day

 

Lifeguard Appreciation Day is celebrated on July 31 annually. It’s a day for honoring and appreciating those professionals, who are saddled with the responsibility of making sure that pool facilities and beaches are safe for visitors and ensuring that they too are guarded while they enjoy a swim. Lifeguards diligently dedicate not only their time but lives to enabling a safe environment for swimmers. They instruct and keep a constant watch on guests to prevent injury and rescue them from life-threatening accidents

31 July - J.K. Rowling birth anniversary

 

J.K. Rowling is a British author best known for her famous fantasy book series, "Harry Potter." Her full name is Joanne Rowling, and she writes under the pen name "J.K. Rowling." She was born on July 31, 1965, in Yate, Gloucestershire, England.

Rowling's "Harry Potter" series gained immense popularity and critical acclaim, becoming a global phenomenon. The series consists of seven books:

1. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" (published as "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" in the United States)
2. "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"
3. "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban"
4. "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire"
5. "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"
6. "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"
7. "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"

The books follow the journey of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, as they attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and confront the dark wizard Lord Voldemort.

The "Harry Potter" series has been adapted into a highly successful film franchise and has inspired various merchandise, theme parks, and a stage play, "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child."

Apart from her work on "Harry Potter," J.K. Rowling has written novels for adults, including "The Casual Vacancy" and the "Cormoran Strike" detective series under the pen name Robert Galbraith.

Rowling's literary success and influence have earned her numerous accolades, and she has become one of the world's best-selling authors. However, she has also faced controversy and criticism related to her statements on social media, particularly regarding issues of gender and transgender rights.

31 July - Allan Octavian Hume death anniversary

 

Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912) was a British civil servant, ornithologist, and one of the key figures in the Indian independence movement. He is best known for his significant contributions to the study of Indian birds and for his role in the formation of the Indian National Congress.

Hume arrived in India in 1849 and served as a civil servant under the British colonial administration. His interest in ornithology led him to study and document numerous bird species in India. He played a crucial role in classifying and describing Indian birds, contributing greatly to the understanding of the country's avian diversity. Hume's work earned him the title "Father of Indian Ornithology."

Aside from his scientific pursuits, Hume was also deeply involved in Indian politics and social issues. He became disillusioned with British colonial policies and actively supported the cause of Indian self-rule. In 1883, he retired from the Indian Civil Services and devoted himself to the Indian nationalist movement.

Hume played a significant role in the establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885. The INC became one of the major political organizations advocating for Indian independence from British rule. Hume acted as the General Secretary of the INC in its early years and played a crucial role in shaping its structure and objectives.

Despite his efforts towards Indian independence, Hume's relationship with some other prominent leaders, particularly with the extremist faction within the Congress, became strained. As a result, he distanced himself from active politics and returned to his scholarly pursuits later in life.

Allan Octavian Hume's contributions to ornithology and his role in the early stages of India's independence movement are both noteworthy and have left a lasting impact on the history of India.

 Allan Octavian Hume passed away on 31 July 1912.

 

31 July - Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi birth anniversary

 

Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (1907-1966) was an Indian mathematician, statistician, and historian. He is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of statistical research in India and made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics, statistics, and historiography.

Kosambi was born on 31 July 1907, in Goa, which was then a Portuguese colony. He came from a distinguished family of scholars and intellectuals. His father, Dharmananda Damodar Kosambi, was a well-known Sanskrit scholar and mathematician.

Kosambi completed his education at the University of London, where he earned a degree in mathematics and statistics. He then went on to pursue a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Bonn in Germany. During his time in Germany, he came into contact with renowned mathematicians and statisticians, which further fueled his passion for research.

Kosambi's contributions to mathematics and statistics are significant. He developed new statistical methods, particularly in the field of combinatorial mathematics. He also made important contributions to the theory of random sampling and statistical inference. His work in these areas earned him recognition both in India and internationally.

In addition to his contributions to mathematics and statistics, Kosambi was deeply interested in history and historiography. He combined his mathematical and statistical expertise with historical research, pioneering the application of quantitative methods in the study of ancient Indian history. His work in this field laid the foundation for the use of statistical techniques in historical research.

Kosambi wrote extensively on various subjects, including mathematics, statistics, history, and philosophy. Some of his notable works include "An Introduction to the Study of Indian History," "Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture," and "Ancient India: A History of its Culture and Civilization." His writings reflect his interdisciplinary approach and his ability to synthesize diverse fields of knowledge.

Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi's contributions to mathematics, statistics, and historiography continue to be celebrated. He played a crucial role in advancing these fields in India and left a lasting impact on the intellectual landscape of the country.

Kosambi, aged 58, passed away due to a myocardial infarction in the early hours of 29 June 1966, despite being declared generally fit by his family doctor the day before.

31 July - Muhammad Rafi death anniversary

 

Muhammad Rafi (1924-1980) was one of the most renowned and respected playback singers in the history of Indian cinema. He is considered one of the greatest playback singers in Bollywood and has left an indelible mark on the music industry with his versatile voice and exceptional singing talent.

Rafi was born on 24 December 1924, in Kotla Sultan Singh, Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan). He showed an inclination towards music from a young age and received training in classical music under Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan. Rafi's talent was recognized early on, and he made his singing debut as a playback singer in the Hindi film industry, popularly known as Bollywood, in the 1940s.

During his career spanning nearly four decades, Rafi lent his voice to thousands of songs in various languages, including Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, and many regional languages. He collaborated with numerous music directors and lyricists, delivering exceptional performances across a wide range of genres, including romantic melodies, soulful ghazals, patriotic anthems, qawwalis, and devotional songs.

Rafi's voice had a unique charm and versatility that allowed him to effortlessly adapt to different musical styles and capture the essence of the characters on screen. He had the ability to convey a wide range of emotions, and his mastery of expression endeared him to audiences and made him a favorite of both the film industry and the public.

Some of Rafi's most iconic songs include "Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho," "Yeh Reshmi Zulfein," "Baharon Phool Barsao," "Tere Mere Sapne," "Kya Hua Tera Wada," and "Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho." His collaborations with legendary music directors like Naushad, Shankar-Jaikishan, S.D. Burman, and R.D. Burman produced numerous unforgettable melodies.

Muhammad Rafi's contributions to Indian music and playback singing are immeasurable. His soulful voice, impeccable control, and emotional depth continue to captivate listeners even decades after his passing. He received numerous accolades throughout his career, including six Filmfare Awards, and his impact on Indian cinema's musical landscape remains unparalleled. Rafi's rich legacy continues to inspire generations of singers and music lovers.

Muhammad Rafi passed away on 31 July 1980.

 

31 July - Mohan Lal Sukhadia birth anniversary

 

Mohan Lal Sukhadia (1916-1982) was an Indian politician and statesman who served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, a state in India, for four terms. He was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress party and played a significant role in the development and modernization of Rajasthan.

Sukhadia was born on July 31, 1916, in Jhalawar, Rajasthan. He completed his education at the University of Allahabad and later pursued a law degree from the University of Bombay (now Mumbai). He actively participated in the Indian independence movement and was associated with various nationalist activities during the pre-independence era.

After India gained independence in 1947, Sukhadia entered politics and joined the Indian National Congress party. He quickly rose through the ranks and became a prominent leader in Rajasthan. In 1954, he was elected as a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and served as the Minister of Industries and Home in the state government.

Sukhadia's tenure as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan spanned from 1954 to 1971, making him the longest-serving Chief Minister in the history of the state. During his leadership, he focused on implementing progressive policies and initiatives for the overall development of Rajasthan. He emphasized education, agriculture, infrastructure, and public welfare programs.

Under Sukhadia's leadership, Rajasthan witnessed significant progress in various sectors. He established several educational institutions, including engineering and medical colleges, and initiated reforms to improve the quality of education in the state. He also played a crucial role in the construction of dams and irrigation projects, which helped transform the agricultural landscape of Rajasthan.

Sukhadia's administration implemented various social welfare schemes, including healthcare programs, rural development initiatives, and poverty alleviation projects. His emphasis on grassroots development and inclusive growth earned him the reputation of being a people-centric leader.

Apart from his contributions to the state of Rajasthan, Sukhadia was also involved in national politics. He held positions in the Indian National Congress party and served as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.

He passed away on 02 February 1982.

 

31 July - Chabahar Day

 

Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) in association with India Ports Global observed ‘Chabahar Day’ to mark the Chabahar – Link to INSTC - Connecting Central Asian Markets in Mumbai today. INSTC (International North-South Transport Corridor) is India’s vision and initiative to reduce the time taken for EXIM shipments to reach Russia, Europe, and enter the central Asian markets. The Chabahar Port located in Iran is the commercial transit center for the region and especially Central Asia.

Chabahar Port

•     Chabahar Port is a seaport in Chabahar located in south-eastern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman.
•     It serves as Iran’s only oceanic port, and consists of two separate ports named Shahid Kalantari and Shahid Beheshti.
•     It is considered to be a major transit point to connect with several Central Asian countries.
•     The port of Chabahar is located on the Makran coast of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, next to the Gulf of Oman and at the mouth of Strait of Hormuz.
•     It is the only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean.
•     Being close to Afghanistan and the Central Asian countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan etc., it has been termed the “Golden Gate” to these land-locked countries.

 

30 July - Henry Ford birth anniversary

 

Henry Ford was an American industrialist and the founder of the Ford Motor Company. He was born on July 30, 1863, in Greenfield Township, Michigan, United States. Ford is best known for revolutionizing the automobile industry by introducing assembly line production techniques and making cars affordable for the average American.

In 1903, Henry Ford co-founded the Ford Motor Company, and in 1908, he introduced the Model T automobile, which became a huge success and transformed the way cars were manufactured and consumed. The assembly line allowed for mass production of vehicles, making them more accessible and affordable to the general public.

Ford's innovative manufacturing methods, especially the moving assembly line, significantly reduced the time and cost of producing automobiles. As a result, the Model T became immensely popular, and it played a pivotal role in making cars a common mode of transportation in the United States and around the world.

30 July - World Snorkeling Day

 

World Snorkeling Day is celebrated on July30 of every year. Snorkeling is the practice of swimming through the water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins. It requires little effort as long as one knows how to swim, as you don’t need training or any complicated equipment — like in the case of scuba diving — so it remains a very popular activity for people of all ages, especially tourists in tropical resorts that wish to see aquatic life from up close. It is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports like underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.

30 July - USA celebrates Share a Hug Day

 

Share a Hug Day is celebrated every year in the United States on July 30. The idea behind it is to let the people close to you know that you love and appreciate them by hugging them. Hugs are especially beneficial for people that are feeling down, as being surrounded by the arms of another person and the warmth of their body, communicates a sense of empathy, security, and solidarity. Anytime is a great time to share a hug with someone willing to receive or give one.

The creator of Share a Hug Day was Mike Brundritt. He used to be married to a woman he had been in a relationship with for 19 years, and they had two sons. On the afternoon of July 30, 2017, they were returning home from a camping trip. A transport truck hit them from behind while they were traveling. Brundritt and his youngest son survived the tragedy, but his wife and oldest son died instantly.

Since then, Brundritt and his son have had mental issues, and he is still recovering from back injuries. One year later, a few days before the first anniversary of the accident, he started thinking about ways to honor and remember his wife and son. He remembered how often he and his family would share hugs, as a greeting, as a goodbye, or just to show their love. He also remembered the many hugs shared with his friends after the accident. Thus, he decided to start a hug day to honor their lives.

On July 30, 2018, he wrote a post on his Facebook profile: “We have days of the year designated for different things: National Coffee Day, National Ice Cream Day, etc. I would like your help in starting National Share a Hug Day. July 30th is the anniversary of the loss of my son and wife and I want to try to honor the love that we shared by starting something special. I am not sure how to get this going, but for now, I think word of mouth will work. Please go and hug someone today to help get this movement started.”

30 July - International Friendship Day

International Friendship Day is a day to appreciate and promote friendships. One goal of this observance is to bridge the gaps between race, color, religion and other factors which keep humans from fostering friendship with one another. According to the UN, one purpose of this observance is to promote the idea that friendship between peoples, countries, cultures and individuals can inspire peace efforts and build bridges between communities.

International Day of Friendship was proclaimed by the United Nations in 2011 with the intent of building communities and helping move towards world peace. The United Nations encourages governments, groups and organizations to host activities and events that promote dialogue, acceptance and understanding between people of different backgrounds. This day is promoted by the UN as being observed July 30th, but is also observed on the first Sunday of August in many countries.

30 July - Independence Day Vanatu

 

Vanuatu celebrates its Independence Day on July 30th. Vanuatu, officially known as the Republic of Vanuatu, is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. It gained independence from joint British-French colonial rule on July 30, 1980. Independence Day is a national holiday in Vanuatu and is celebrated with various events, including parades, cultural performances, flag-raising ceremonies, and speeches by government officials. It is a day to commemorate the country's independence and to honor its history, culture, and achievements.

29 July - VIDYASAGAR COLLEGE, CALCUTTA postage stamp issued in 1998

 

Postage stamp issued in 1998 on occasion of 125 Years of Vidyasagar College, Calcutta

Vidyasagar College is a renowned educational institution located in Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta), West Bengal, India. It is named after the great social reformer, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who played a pivotal role in the field of education and social upliftment during the 19th century.

The college was established in 1872 by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay, a distinguished educator and philanthropist. Initially, it was known as Metropolitan Institution, and later in 1917, it was renamed Vidyasagar College in honor of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Vidyasagar College is affiliated with the University of Calcutta and offers a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in arts, science, and commerce. It is recognized for its academic excellence, providing quality education to students from diverse backgrounds.

The college campus houses modern facilities, libraries, laboratories, and other resources to support the academic and extracurricular pursuits of its students.

Vidyasagar College has a rich legacy of producing numerous eminent alumni who have excelled in various fields, including academics, literature, arts, politics, and social work.

The college emphasizes holistic education, fostering critical thinking, and promoting a spirit of social responsibility among its students. It encourages students to participate in extracurricular activities, cultural events, and community service to develop their overall personality.

 

 

29 July - Vincent van Gogh death anniversary

 

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter and one of the most renowned and influential artists in the history of Western art. He was born on March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, a village in the Netherlands.

Van Gogh's early life was marked by struggles and challenges. He worked as an art dealer and teacher before dedicating himself entirely to art in his late twenties. Throughout his career, he created around 2,100 artworks, including paintings, drawings, and sketches. However, he only achieved fame posthumously.

Van Gogh's artistic style evolved over the years, influenced by various movements, including realism and impressionism. His most distinctive style is characterized by bold and vibrant colors, dramatic brushwork, and emotional intensity. Some of his most famous works include "Starry Night," "Sunflowers," "Irises," and his self-portraits.

Despite his immense talent, Van Gogh's life was plagued by mental health issues, which resulted in frequent bouts of depression and anxiety. He famously cut off part of his ear during a mental breakdown. On 29 July 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh died by suicide.

Though he struggled during his lifetime, Van Gogh's work gained recognition and appreciation after his death. Today, he is considered a pivotal figure in the development of modern art, and his paintings are among the most expensive and coveted in the world. His tragic life and the emotional depth of his art continue to captivate and inspire art enthusiasts and artists alike.

29 July - Cingireddi Narayana Reddy birth annivesary

 

Cingireddi Narayana Reddy (1931-2017) was a prominent Indian poet and writer who primarily wrote in the Telugu language. He was also known as CiNaRe in literary circles. He was born on July 29, 1931, in a small village called Hanumajipet in Karimnagar district, Telangana, India.

CiNaRe was widely regarded as a prolific and versatile poet who enriched Telugu literature with his remarkable contributions. His poetry encompassed various themes such as patriotism, social issues, nature, and love. He was celebrated for his evocative and soul-stirring poetry that resonated with people from different walks of life.

In addition to poetry, Cingireddi Narayana Reddy also dabbled in writing essays and song lyrics. He was a respected academician and served as the Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University and Kakatiya University. His literary work earned him several awards and accolades, including the prestigious Jnanpith Award, which he received in 1988 for his remarkable contributions to Indian literature.

CiNaRe's poems and writings continue to be cherished and admired by Telugu-speaking people around the world. His literary legacy remains an integral part of Telugu literature, inspiring generations of writers and poets to come.

29 July - Magnus Ladulås crowned King of Sweden in 1275

 

Magnus Ladulås, also known as Magnus III, was indeed crowned King of Sweden. He ascended to the throne on July 29, 1275. Magnus Ladulås belonged to the House of Bjelbo, a powerful Swedish noble family that played a significant role in Swedish politics during the medieval period.

Magnus Ladulås' reign as king lasted until his death on December 18, 1290. His nickname "Ladulås" translates to "Barnlock" or "Lock with the Barn," which is attributed to a legendary incident involving Magnus and a locked barn during a time of famine. According to the legend, Magnus stored grain in a barn during a crop failure and locked it to prevent hoarding and price manipulation.

During his reign, Magnus Ladulås worked to strengthen the royal authority and consolidate power. He initiated various reforms, including the codification of Swedish law and the establishment of the Riksdag (the Swedish parliament). He also focused on expanding trade and improving infrastructure, particularly in Stockholm, which he selected as the capital of Sweden.

Magnus Ladulås' reign marked a transition period in Swedish history. It followed the turbulent time of the Folkung dynasty and set the stage for the subsequent rule of his son, Birger Magnusson, and the consolidation of royal power in Sweden.

The coronation of Magnus Ladulås as King of Sweden was a significant event in the country's history, solidifying his authority and providing a foundation for his subsequent actions and reforms as king.

28 July - Independence Day Peru

 

Independence Day in Peru, known as "Fiestas Patrias," is celebrated on July 28th and 29th each year. It is the most significant national holiday in the country, commemorating Peru's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule.

On July 28, 1821, General José de San Martín, a key figure in South America's struggle for independence, proclaimed Peru's independence in Lima. This event marked the beginning of the country's path towards sovereignty.

The celebration of Independence Day in Peru includes various festivities, events, and ceremonies held throughout the country. Some of the typical activities and traditions during Fiestas Patrias include:

1. Presidential Address: The President of Peru delivers an annual address to the nation on the evening of July 28th, highlighting the country's achievements and addressing its challenges.

2. Military Parade: A grand military parade takes place in Lima, showcasing the country's armed forces and other national organizations. It is held on July 29th and attended by government officials and the public.

3. Civic and Cultural Events: Different cities and towns organize civic ceremonies, cultural performances, traditional dances, music, and art exhibitions to celebrate the nation's history and culture.

4. Peruvian Cuisine: Food plays an essential role in the celebrations, and people indulge in traditional Peruvian dishes and delicacies during the holiday.

5. Fireworks: Colorful fireworks displays light up the skies on the night of July 28th, adding to the festive atmosphere.

6. Flag Hoisting: Throughout the country, the national flag is prominently displayed on buildings and homes as a symbol of national pride.

Peruvians take great pride in their history and culture during Independence Day celebrations. It is a time for national unity, reflection, and commemoration of the country's struggle for freedom and independence.

28 July - USA celebrates National Soccer Day

 

National Soccer Day is annually celebrated on July 28. It honors and celebrates soccer — one of the world’s most competitive and popular sports. Every year, more than 17 million (around 5%) Americans watch soccer matches during the National Football League (N.F.L.).
 

28 July - Garry Sobers born in 1936

 

Sir Garfield St Aubrun Sobers, AO, OCC, NH (born 28 July 1936), also known as Sir Gary or Sir Garry Sobers, is a former cricketer who played for the West Indies between 1954 and 1974. A highly skilled bowler, an aggressive batsman and an excellent fielder, he is widely considered to be cricket's greatest ever all-rounder and one of the greatest cricketers of all time.

27 July - António José de Almeida birth anniversary

 

António José de Almeida was a prominent Portuguese politician and statesman who served as the sixth President of Portugal. He was born on July 27, 1866, in Penacova, Portugal, and passed away on October 31, 1929, in Lisbon, Portugal.

Almeida was a medical doctor by profession and initially practiced medicine before entering politics. He became involved in the Republican movement in Portugal and was known for his strong advocacy for democratic principles and republican ideals.

In the aftermath of the Portuguese Republican Revolution of 1910, which led to the establishment of the Portuguese First Republic and the end of the monarchy, António José de Almeida emerged as a prominent political figure. He was one of the founding members of the Portuguese Republican Party and played a significant role in shaping the early years of the First Republic.

Throughout his political career, Almeida held various important positions, including Minister of the Interior and Minister of Finance. His leadership and contributions were highly regarded, and he was known for his efforts to promote social and economic reforms in Portugal.

In 1919, António José de Almeida was elected as the President of Portugal, becoming the first civilian to hold this office. During his presidency, he sought to stabilize the political situation and implement policies to improve the country's economic conditions.

After his term as President, Almeida continued to be active in politics and remained a respected figure in Portuguese society until his passing in 1929.

António José de Almeida's contributions to Portuguese politics and his dedication to democratic values have left a lasting impact on the country's history and political development. He is remembered as a significant figure in the early years of the Portuguese Republic.

 

27 July - Geoffrey de Havilland birth anniversary

 

Geoffrey de Havilland (1882-1965) was a pioneering British aviation engineer and aircraft designer. He is best known for founding the de Havilland Aircraft Company, which played a significant role in the development of aviation during the early and mid-20th century

Geoffrey de Havilland was born on July 27, 1882, in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. He developed an early interest in engineering and mechanics, and he attended the Crystal Palace School of Engineering in London.After completing his education, de Havilland worked for several aviation-related companies, gaining experience in designing and building aircraft. In 1909, he joined the Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Airco) and designed his first aircraft, the Airco DH.1.

In 1920, Geoffrey de Havilland established his own company, the de Havilland Aircraft Company, in Stag Lane, London. The company quickly became a major player in the aviation industry, producing a series of successful and innovative aircraft.One of de Havilland's most significant contributions to aviation was the development of wooden aircraft construction techniques. His aircraft designs, like the de Havilland DH.60 Moth, DH.82 Tiger Moth, and DH.88 Comet, were instrumental in advancing aviation technology and played crucial roles in the growth of civil and military aviation.

The de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth, introduced in the 1930s, became an iconic training aircraft for pilots in the British Commonwealth. The DH.88 Comet, a long-range racing aircraft, won the prestigious MacRobertson Air Race from London to Melbourne in 1934.

During World War II, the de Havilland Aircraft Company contributed significantly to the war effort by producing military aircraft, including the versatile de Havilland Mosquito. The Mosquito, made primarily of wood, was an exceptional multi-role aircraft used for reconnaissance, bombing, and night-fighter operations.After the war, de Havilland continued to innovate, and the company produced various successful designs, such as the de Havilland Dove and the de Havilland Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner.

Geoffrey de Havilland received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to aviation, including the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society.Geoffrey de Havilland's legacy continues through the influence of the de Havilland Aircraft Company, which later became part of various mergers and acquisitions but left an indelible mark on the history of aviation.

27 July - Bagpipe Appreciation Day

 

Bagpipe Appreciation Day is an annual holiday celebrated on July 27. This day celebrates an ancient musical instrument known as the bagpipe. These musical instruments date back thousands of years and have become a part of the Scottish tradition. They have been used during battles, funerals, parades, weddings, and royal occasions.

Although bagpipes are central to Scottish identity, like kilts, haggis, and whiskey, bagpipes did not originate from Scotland. Bagpipes have an ancient history that traces back to Mesopotamia, a region in the Middle East, where shepherds were said to play them for leisure. There are speculations the pipes were in ancient Egypt, but no supporting evidence can prove this fact.

A Hittite wall carving from around 1000 B.C. displays a bagpipe and suggests that bagpipes were used in western Asia too. The Hittites traded with Egypt so the instrument could have been passed on to them from the Egyptians. That leaves the Egyptians and the Hittites as the two possible inventors of the bagpipe.

The instruments were later introduced to the Greeks who adopted them from the Romans when they conquered Greece. The Roman Emperor Nero was fond of playing the bagpipe. The English admired the instrument greatly and so they, too, adopted them. The bagpipes became popular in Britain after the Roman invasion in the 5th century. The instruments became more popular in England than in any other part of the world.

Worcestershire, Nottinghamshire, and Lancashire produced noteworthy pipers, and areas such as Cornwall, Northumberland, Lancashire, and Lincolnshire made their own types of bagpipes. The first reference to the Scottish Highland bagpipes is from French history that mentions their use at the Battle of Pinkie in 1547. By the 18th century, they had become an icon of Scottish national identity. The military began using the instrument and accompanied it with drums. Bagpipes were for communication during battles to signal movements, attacks, and retreats. They were also played before a battle to inspire the army.

When the Scottish uprising of 1745 failed, military training was banned, and bagpipes were no longer used for war. However, they were kept for other uses. There are many types of bagpipes today. The most popular bagpipe is Scotland’s Great Highland bagpipe. On Bagpipe Appreciation Day, we celebrate all variations of bagpipes and their contribution to culture and music.

27 July - Sleepy Head Day

 

National Sleepy Head Day, also known as "National Nuku Päivä" in Finnish, is a unique and playful tradition celebrated in Finland. It takes place on July 27th each year.

On this day, the last person in the household to wake up is playfully teased and crowned as the "Sleepy Head" of the family or community. In some regions, they may be given a symbolic crown made of twigs and flowers or a special hat to wear throughout the day.

The tradition has its roots in an old Finnish myth that says that if you sleep late on the morning of Sleepy Head Day, you may end up being lazy for the rest of the year. It's all in good fun, and the day is celebrated with humor and lightheartedness.

In more recent times, Sleepy Head Day has also been celebrated with events and activities in some towns and cities across Finland. It has become a fun way for communities to come together and celebrate their unique cultural heritage.

It's worth noting that traditions and customs may evolve over time, so the way Sleepy Head Day is celebrated might vary from region to region or from one family to another. Nonetheless, it remains a charming and delightful aspect of Finnish culture.

27 July - The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Raising Day

 

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Raising Day is celebrated on July 27th every year. The CRPF is one of the largest paramilitary forces in India and plays a crucial role in maintaining internal security, counter-insurgency operations, and assisting in various law enforcement duties across the country.

The CRPF was established on July 27, 1939, under the name "Crown Representative's Police" during British colonial rule in India. After India gained independence in 1947, the force was renamed as the Central Reserve Police Force. Over the years, the CRPF has been involved in numerous operations and has faced various challenges, including maintaining peace in conflict zones, disaster management, and providing security during elections.

On its Raising Day, the CRPF commemorates its founding and pays tribute to its personnel who have displayed exceptional courage and dedication in the line of duty. The day is marked with various events and celebrations held at CRPF establishments across the country, and it provides an opportunity to acknowledge the sacrifices made by its personnel to safeguard the nation's security.

27 July - Anand Rishiji Maharaj jain religious leader birth anniversary

 

Anand Rishiji Maharaj (27 July 1900 – 28 March 1992) was a Jain religious leader. The Government of India issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour on 9 August 2002. He was awarded with the honorary title of Rashtra Sant by Maharashtra's chief minister.He was the Second Aacharya of Vardhaman Sthanakvasi Shraman Sangha

26 July - Alice in Wonderland premiered in London in 1951

 

Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Alice books by Lewis Carroll.Alice in Wonderland was the thirteenth release of Disney's animated features.

When it premiered in London on July 26, 1951, and in New York City on July 28, 1951, Alice in Wonderland was considered a disappointment on its initial release, therefore was shown on television as one of the first episodes of Disneyland. Its 1974 re-release in theaters proved to be much more successful, leading to subsequent re-releases, merchandising and home video releases. Although the film received generally negative critical reviews on its initial release, it has been more positively reviewed over the years.

26 July - Independence Day Liberia

 

Independence Day in Liberia is celebrated on July 26th each year. It commemorates the country's declaration of independence from the American Colonization Society on July 26, 1847, making Liberia the first independent republic in Africa.

Liberia was founded by freed and repatriated African-Americans and free-born African-Americans who sought to establish a colony in Africa where formerly enslaved people from the United States could live freely and govern themselves. The country was named after the Latin word "liber," which means "free."

On Independence Day, Liberians celebrate their nation's history, culture, and achievements. The day is marked with various events, including parades, flag-raising ceremonies, cultural performances, and speeches by government officials. It is a time for national pride, reflection, and unity as Liberians come together to honor their past and look toward the future.

 

26 July - Independence Day Maldives

 

In the past, the Maldives, like many other countries throughout the world, was ruled by the British Empire. They, however, did not become a British Protectorate until 1887 after many attempts. The Maldives only benefited from the new status by preventing the British from interfering with their internal affairs. If the country were to engage in any international activity, the British government would have to be consulted first. To get the Maldives to cooperate, the British offered to defend the country in exchange.

On July 26, 1965, the Maldives was granted total autonomy. The independence was crucial because it gave the country the ability to take control of its economy and develop as it saw fit. The conclusion of World War II brought about the independence of two neighboring countries, Sri Lanka and India, both of which were colonized by the British, motivating the Maldives to pursue their own independence.

It became even more pressing when three southern atolls were claimed as part of a brief Suvadive Republic from 1959 to 1963. The Maldives was admitted as a member of the United Nations within two months of achieving independence. On October 12, 1965, their national flag was hoisted at the headquarters.

 The Independence Day celebrations in Maldives typically include various events, parades, flag hoisting ceremonies, cultural performances, and speeches by government officials. It is a day of national pride and patriotism for the Maldivian people, as they commemorate the day their nation became an independent and sovereign country.

25 July - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam sworn in as the 11th President of India in 2002.

 

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was sworn in as the 11th President of India on July 25, 2002.

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was a renowned scientist and a highly respected figure in India. He played a significant role in India's space and missile development programs, earning him the title of the "Missile Man of India." In recognition of his contributions to science and technology, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

Dr. Kalam's presidency from 2002 to 2007 was marked by his dedication to youth empowerment, education, and national development. He was widely admired for his simplicity, vision, and commitment to the betterment of the nation.

He remains a beloved figure in India and is remembered as one of the most inspirational and influential leaders in the country's history.

25 July - Indian Institute of Technology Bombay was inaugurated iin 1958

 

• IIT Bombay was established in 1958 with assistance from UNESCO and the funds contributed by the Russia (then Soviet Union). It is located at Powai which is about 30 Kms from the city of Mumbai.
• Currently IIT Bombay has 15 academic departments, 10 centers, one school and 4 interdisciplinary programs. Over the last 56 years, more than 40,000 engineers and scientists have graduated from the institute.
• The first academic session of the Institute opened on 25 July 1958, in its temporary home at the Synthetic and Art Silk Mills Research Association (SASMIRA) building in Worli, Mumbai with 100 students. These students were given admission to the first year undergraduate engineering programmes of Aerospace, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Electrical, Engineering Physics, Energy, Mechanical, Metallurgical Engineering and MSc Chemistry.

IIT Bombay stamp was released as a part of myStamp sheetlet to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of IIT Bombay in Mumbai on 10th Mar 2018. Stamp sheet contains 6 stamps each in two designs.

25 July - Svetlana Savitskaya became first woman to perform a space walk

 

Svetlana Savitskaya was a Soviet cosmonaut who made significant contributions to space exploration. She was indeed the first woman to perform a spacewalk (extravehicular activity) on July 25, 1984, during the Soyuz T-12 mission. During her spacewalk, she spent around 3 hours and 35 minutes outside the Salyut 7 space station, conducting various experiments and tests.

In addition to her spacewalk accomplishment, Svetlana Savitskaya was also the second woman in space overall. She flew to space for the first time on August 19, 1982, as part of the Soyuz T-7 mission, spending around 8 days aboard the space station Salyut 7.

Savitskaya's pioneering achievements played a significant role in breaking gender barriers in space exploration and inspiring many women to pursue careers in the field of astronautics.

25 July - Guanacaste Day

 

Guanacaste Day, known as "Anexión del Partido de Nicoya" in Spanish, is a national holiday in Costa Rica that commemorates the annexation of the province of Guanacaste. The holiday is celebrated annually on July 25th.

The annexation of Guanacaste took place on July 25, 1824, when the region, which was originally a part of Nicaragua, decided to join Costa Rica. At that time, Central America was undergoing significant political changes after gaining independence from Spain in 1821. Guanacaste chose to become a part of Costa Rica, mainly due to economic and political reasons, and this event marked the expansion of Costa Rica's territory.

Costa Ricans celebrate Guanacaste Day with various festivities, cultural events, parades, music, dancing, and traditional cuisine. It is a time for Costa Ricans to come together and express their national pride and unity. The day is also an opportunity for people to learn about the history and cultural heritage of Guanacaste, as well as its significance in the broader context of Costa Rican history.

In the province of Guanacaste, particularly in the city of Nicoya, the celebration is especially vibrant, with special ceremonies, street fairs, and the display of the Costa Rican flag and the flag of Guanacaste.

Guanacaste Day is not only a celebration of historical significance but also an occasion to appreciate the natural beauty and diversity of the Guanacaste region, known for its stunning beaches, lush forests, and rich biodiversity.

The holiday is a symbol of the enduring cultural and historical ties between Guanacaste and the rest of Costa Rica, reinforcing the unity and shared identity of the Costa Rican people.

25 July - National Day of Galicia

 

National Day of Galicia ("Dia Nacional de Galicia") is when the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain celebrates its national holiday. It falls on 25 July.

The National Day of Galicia, also known as Día de Galicia in Spanish or Día Nacional de Galicia in Galician, is an annual celebration that takes place in the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain. This celebration is held on July 25th each year.

The date of July 25th is significant because it commemorates the patron saint of Galicia, Saint James the Great (Santiago Apóstol in Spanish or Santiago Apóstolo in Galician). Saint James is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, and he is believed to have preached the gospel in the Iberian Peninsula, including the region that is now known as Galicia.

The celebration of the National Day of Galicia typically includes various cultural events, traditional music performances, dance, parades, and religious ceremonies. It is a time for Galicians to come together and celebrate their regional identity, history, language (Galician), and cultural heritage.

In addition to being a religious celebration, the National Day of Galicia also serves as a symbol of Galician nationalism and regional pride, emphasizing the unique traditions and history of the Galician people within the broader context of Spain.

On this day, you may see the Galician flag, known as the "Bandeira de Galicia" or "A Bandeira das Quatro Barras," prominently displayed throughout the region, representing the regional identity and unity of Galicia. The flag features four horizontal blue and white stripes with the coat of arms of Galicia in the upper hoist.

Overall, the National Day of Galicia is a significant occasion for Galician people to celebrate their culture, heritage, and language while honoring their patron saint, Saint James.

24 July - Income Tax Day India

 

The Income Tax department observes July 24 every year as Income Tax Day or ‘Aaykar Diwas’, to commemorate the introduction of provision of income tax in the country. On the same day in the year 1860, Income tax was originally introduced in India by Sir James Wilson, to compensate for the losses incurred during the first war of independence.

On Income Tax Day, the CBDT organizes various events and activities to raise awareness about income tax and its importance. These events include seminars, workshops, and outreach programs. The CBDT also releases a commemorative postage stamp on Income Tax Day. Income Tax Day is an important day for the Indian government and for taxpayers. It is a day to celebrate the importance of income tax and to reaffirm our commitment to paying our taxes honestly and on time.

Issue Date : 24-01-2016

23 July - Captain Lakshmi Sehgal death anniversary

 

Captain Lakshmi Sehgal, also known as Lakshmi Sahgal, was a prominent Indian freedom fighter and a significant figure in the Indian independence movement. She was born on October 24, 1914, in Madras (now Chennai), British India, and passed away on July 23, 2012, in Kanpur, India.

Lakshmi Sehgal was a pioneering woman in the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose to fight for India's freedom from British colonial rule during World War II. She joined the INA and was given the rank of Captain, becoming the commander of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, an all-women regiment in the INA.

As the leader of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, Lakshmi Sehgal played a crucial role in motivating and training women volunteers to participate actively in the struggle for India's independence. Her leadership and dedication inspired many women to join the fight for freedom.

After India gained independence in 1947, Lakshmi Sehgal continued her involvement in social and political causes. She remained committed to the principles of social justice, women's rights, and equality. She also played an active role in various political and social movements in India.

In her later years, Lakshmi Sehgal became a symbol of women's empowerment and the struggle for justice and equality in India. She was a respected and revered figure who received recognition for her significant contributions to the country's history.

 

23 July - USA celebrates National Parents' Day

 

In the United States, National Parents' Day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of July each year. The day was established in 1994 when President Bill Clinton signed a Congressional Resolution into law. The resolution was introduced by Senator Trent Lott and Representative Dan Burton to establish a day of commemoration to recognize, uplift, and support the role of parents in society.

National Parents' Day provides an opportunity for children of all ages to express their gratitude and appreciation to their parents for the love, guidance, and sacrifices they have made. It's also a day for parents to reflect on their responsibilities as caregivers and role models for their children.

Various activities and events take place on this day, including family gatherings, picnics, dinners, and gift-giving to show appreciation. Many communities and organizations also hold special events to promote and celebrate the significance of strong and healthy family relationships.

It's important to note that National Parents' Day is distinct from Mother's Day and Father's Day, which are dedicated to honoring individual parents separately. Instead, National Parents' Day emphasizes the collective importance of both parents in a child's life and the family unit as a whole.

 

23 July - Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia in 1999

 

Abkhazia is a region located in the South Caucasus, bordering Georgia to the east and the Black Sea to the west. It declared independence from Georgia in 1999, but this declaration has not been widely recognized internationally. Georgia considers Abkhazia to be an integral part of its territory, and the international community, including the United Nations, does not recognize Abkhazia as a sovereign state.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Abkhazia sought independence from Georgia, leading to a conflict between Abkhaz forces and Georgian forces. The conflict escalated into a full-scale war in 1992-1993, resulting in thousands of casualties and a large number of internally displaced persons.

A ceasefire agreement was reached in 1994, and a peacekeeping force comprising Russian, Georgian, and Abkhaz troops was deployed to the region. Despite efforts to find a peaceful resolution, the issue remains unresolved, and Abkhazia continues to operate as a de facto independent entity with its own government, constitution, and military.

Russia is a significant player in the Abkhazia situation and has recognized Abkhazia's independence, although this recognition is not widely accepted by the international community. Most countries, including the United States and the European Union, consider Abkhazia to be part of Georgia's territory and support Georgia's territorial integrity.

23 July - Republic Day Egypt

 

Egypt observes several national holidays and significant days throughout the year, each with its own historical and cultural importance.

One of the most notable national holidays in Egypt is "Revolution Day," which is republic day and celebrated on July 23rd. This day commemorates the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in Egypt. The revolution was a pivotal moment in Egyptian history, and it ultimately ended the rule of King Farouk and laid the foundation for modern Egypt as a republic.

On Revolution Day, various events, ceremonies, and cultural activities take place across the country to honor the memory of the revolution and its leaders.

Egypt also celebrates its National Day on July 23rd, coinciding with Revolution Day. On this day, the country marks the anniversary of the establishment of the Egyptian Republic.

 

23 July - Serampore College established

 

Serampore College, officially known as Serampore College, the College of Serampore University, is a prestigious educational institution located in Serampore, West Bengal, India. It has a rich history and holds the distinction of being one of the oldest educational institutions in India.

Serampore College was founded on July 23, 1818, by the Serampore Trio, consisting of William Carey, Joshua Marshman, and William Ward. They were Christian missionaries from the Baptist Missionary Society and played a crucial role in the establishment of the college. Initially, it began as a seminary to train Christian missionaries and clergy.

Over the years, Serampore College expanded its academic programs and became affiliated with the University of Calcutta in 1829. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various disciplines, including Arts, Science, Commerce, and Theology. The college is renowned for its theological studies and has been a significant center for Christian theological education in India.

Serampore College holds a unique status as it is empowered by an Act of the Parliament of India, known as "The Serampore College Act, 1918." This act grants the college the authority to confer degrees in Theology, Arts, and Science. The college is also a constituent college of the Serampore University, which was established in 1827 and is one of the oldest universities in India.

The college has a beautiful campus with historic buildings and a library that houses a vast collection of rare books, manuscripts, and archives. It has played a vital role in promoting education, particularly in the field of theology, and has produced numerous distinguished alumni who have contributed significantly to academia, literature, and social reform in India.