30 April - Mexico Children’s Day celebration

 

Children’s Day in Mexico is celebrated on 30 April each year. This holiday is a special day dedicated to celebrating and honoring children. It is a time for parents, teachers, and communities to show their love and appreciation for children and to recognize their importance in society.

Children’s Day in Mexico has its roots in the early 20th century, when a group of Mexican educators proposed the idea of a special day to honor children. The first Children’s Day celebration in Mexico took place in 1925, and it has been celebrated annually ever since.

On Children’s Day in Mexico, schools often organize special events and activities for children, such as games, concerts, and other forms of entertainment. Parents and families may also plan special outings or celebrations to mark the occasion. The holiday is also an opportunity to raise awareness about issues that affect children, such as poverty, education, and healthcare.

One of the most iconic symbols of Children’s Day in Mexico is the “El Día del Niño” balloon, which features a smiling cartoon character holding a bunch of balloons. These balloons can be seen all over Mexico in the weeks leading up to the holiday.

30 April - Claude Shannon birth anniversary

 

Claude Shannon (30 April 1916 – 24 February 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, computer scientist and cryptographer known as the “father of information theory.” known for his groundbreaking work in the field of digital circuit design theory and information theory. He is widely considered to be the father of modern digital circuit design theory and the founder of modern information theory

30 April - R. Shankar birth anniversary

 R. Shankar (30 April 1909 – 7 November 1972), the third Chief Minister of Kerala from 1962 to 1964. He was also the Deputy Chief Minister of the State from 1960 to 1962. Sankar apart as a politician is known as a statesman, administrator, orator, educationist, writer, and editor. He was born on 30 April 1909 in Kuzhikkalidavaka village in Puthoor, Kollam district, British India.

30 April - Anandamayi Ma birth anniversary

 

Anandamayi Ma (30 April 1896 – 27 August 1982), an Indian saint, described by Sivananda Saraswati (of the Divine Life Society) as “the most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced. She taught how to live a God-centered life in the world and provided the living inspiration to enable thousands to aspire to this noblest ideal. She also advocated spiritual equality for women; for example, she opened up to women the sacred thread ritual, which had been performed by men only for centuries. She was born on 30 April 1896 in the village of Kheora, Tipperah District, Bangladesh.

30 April - Dadasaheb Phalke birth anniversary

 

 

Dadasaheb Phalke (30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944), an Indian producer-director-screenwriter, known as the Father of Indian cinema. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, awarded for lifetime contribution to cinema by the Government of India, is named in his honor. He was born on 30 April 1870 at Trimbak, Bombay Presidency now Maharashtra.

30 April - Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was born

 

 

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science.Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum (Latin for 'the foremost of mathematicians')and "the greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had an exceptional influence in many fields of mathematics and science; he is ranked among history's most influential mathematicians.

On 30 March 1796 he discovered a construction of the heptadecagon, advanced modular arithmetic, found the first proof of the quadratic reciprocity law, and dealt with the prime number theorem.
 

30 April -Tukdoji Maharaj birth anniversary

 

Tukdoji Maharaj, whose full name was Tukaram Hari Patil, was a revered saint, poet, and social reformer from Maharashtra, India. He was born on April 30, 1909, in Yavali, a village in Maharashtra, and he dedicated his life to spiritual and social causes. Tukdoji Maharaj's teachings emphasized the importance of selfless service, simplicity, and devotion.

Key points about Tukdoji Maharaj:

1. Spiritual Teachings: Tukdoji Maharaj was a spiritual leader and poet who composed devotional songs and poems that conveyed messages of love, compassion, and the unity of all beings. His teachings drew from the Bhakti and Sant traditions of India.

2. Social Reforms: He was deeply committed to social reform and worked towards eradicating social inequalities, untouchability, and promoting education and cleanliness in rural areas. His efforts had a significant impact on rural development and improving the lives of the marginalized.

3. Literary Contributions: Tukdoji Maharaj's poetry and literature continue to inspire and connect with people. His verses reflect a deep understanding of spirituality and human nature.

4. Legacy: Tukdoji Maharaj's birth anniversary, April 30th, is celebrated as a significant event in Maharashtra. His teachings and contributions to society are remembered and continue to influence social and spiritual thought in India.

Tukdoji Maharaj passed away on October 11, 1968, but his legacy lives on through his writings, teachings, and the ongoing work of organizations dedicated to his principles of service and social reform.

30 April - Adolf Hitler death anniversary

 

Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, died by suicide via gunshot on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe. Eva Braun, his wife of one day, also died by suicide, taking cyanide.In accordance with Hitler's prior written and verbal instructions, that afternoon their remains were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the Reich Chancellery garden, where they were doused in petrol and burned.The news of Hitler's death was announced on German radio the next day, 1 May.

30 April - Nizar Qabbani death aniversary

 

Nizar Qabbani (21 March 1923 – 30 April 1998) was a Syrian diplomat, poet, and writer. He is considered to be Syria’s National Poet.

He was born on 21 March 1923, in Damascus, Syria. He is widely considered as one of the most influential poets of the 20th century in the Arabic language. He is known for his romantic and political poetry that reflected the realities of the Arab world, especially his critiques of Arab society’s conservatism and oppressive traditions. Nizar Qabbani was born to a middle-class family in Damascus. His father was a wealthy businessman, and his mother was a homemaker. He was raised in a conservative Muslim family that valued education and culture. Nizar Qabbani received his primary and secondary education in Damascus, and later he went to Cairo, Egypt, to study Law and Literature at Cairo University.

In 1945, Nizar Qabbani began his diplomatic career, working as an attaché at the Syrian embassy in Cairo, Egypt. Later, he held diplomatic posts in several other countries, including Turkey, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom. Despite his busy diplomatic career, he continued to write poetry and published his first collection of poems, “The Brunette Told Me,” in 1948.

Qabbani’s poetry was controversial because of its frank treatment of sexuality and its critique of social norms and religious traditions. His poems often celebrated the beauty of women and love, but they also condemned the patriarchy and advocated for women’s rights. He was also a vocal critic of Arab governments and their policies, particularly towards Israel and the Palestinians.

In 1956, Qabbani resigned from his diplomatic career to devote himself entirely to writing. He moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where he published several collections of poetry that received critical acclaim. He also founded the cultural magazine, “Shi’r” (Poetry), which played a significant role in shaping Arabic poetry in the 1960s and 1970s.

In addition to his poetry, Nizar Qabbani also wrote plays, essays, and children’s books. He also worked as a journalist and wrote articles on politics, culture, and social.

At the age of 75, Nizar Qabbani died in London on 30 April 1998 of a heart attack.

30 April- "Casey" Jones death on 1900

 

John Luther "Casey" Jones (March 14, 1863 – April 30, 1900) was an American railroader who was killed when his passenger train collided with a stalled freight train at Vaughan, Mississippi.

Jones was a locomotive engineer for the Illinois Central Railroad, based in Memphis, Tennessee, and Jackson, Mississippi. He was noted for his exceptionally punctual schedules, which sometimes required a degree of risk, though this was not a factor on his fatal last journey. However, there is some disagreement about the sequence of events on that night, April 29–30, 1900.

He was due to run the southbound passenger service from Memphis to Canton, Mississippi, departing 11:35pm. Owing to the absence of another engineer, he had to take over another service through the day, which may have deprived him of sleep. He eventually departed 75 minutes late, but was confident of making up the time, with the powerful ten-wheeler Engine No. 382, known as "Cannonball".

Approaching Vaughan at high speed, he was unaware that three trains were occupying the station, one of them broken down and directly on his line. Some claim that he ignored a flagman signalling to him, though this person may have been out of sight on a tight bend, or obscured by fog. All are agreed, however, that Jones managed to avert a potentially disastrous crash through his exceptional skill at slowing the engine and saving the lives of the passengers at the cost of his own. For this, he was immortalized in a traditional song, "The Ballad of Casey Jones". 

29 April - Bharathidasan birth anniversary

 

Bharathidasan, born as Kanakasabai Subburathinam, was a prominent Tamil poet, playwright, and social reformer from Tamil Nadu, India. He was born on 29 April 1891, in Pondicherry, which was then part of French India, and he passed away on 21 April 1964.

Bharathidasan was known for his progressive and socially conscious writings that addressed a wide range of issues, including social injustice, inequality, and the struggles of the common people. He played a significant role in the Dravidian movement and was associated with the Self-Respect Movement led by E. V. Ramasamy (Periyar).

Throughout his literary career, Bharathidasan wrote numerous poems, essays, and plays in Tamil, advocating for social reform and cultural revival. He used his writings to challenge traditional norms and to promote rationalism, humanism, and social equality.

Some of Bharathidasan's most notable works include the poetry collections "Kuyil Pattu" (Song of the Koel) and "Panchali Sabatham" (Panchali's Vow), as well as the plays "Thunbam Nergaiyil" (In the Midst of Sorrow) and "Manohara." His poetry is characterized by its simplicity, lyricism, and emotional depth, and it continues to resonate with readers across generations.

Bharathidasan's contributions to Tamil literature and his advocacy for social justice have earned him widespread acclaim and recognition. He is remembered as one of the most influential poets and intellectuals of modern Tamil Nadu, whose writings continue to inspire and provoke thought. His legacy remains celebrated in Tamil literature and culture.

29 April - Alfred Hitchcock death anniversary

 

Alfred Hitchcock, passed away on 29 April 1980, was an English filmmaker. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. Known as the "Master of Suspense", he became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo roles in most of his films, and his hosting and producing the television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director despite five nominations.

29 April - Shōwa Day in Japan

 

 

Shōwa Day is a public holiday in Japan held on April 29. It honors the birthday of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), the reigning emperor from 1926 to 1989.Shō means “shining” or “bright”, and wa (和) means “peace”, signifying the "enlightened peace" that citizens receive. According to the now defunct Democratic Party of Japan, the purpose of the holiday is to encourage public reflection on the turbulent 63 years of Hirohito's reign, ranging from totalitarianism to the post-war reconstruction and transition into a democratic state.
A protest against Shōwa Day, 2016

Coincidentally, Shōwa Day happens on the same date that in 1948 the Allies' International Military Tribunal for the Far East condemned key officials of the Imperial government during World War II to death, including former Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. 

29 April - Bose resigning in 1939 as congress president

 

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, and military failure. The honorific Netaji (Hindi: "Respected Leader") was first applied to Bose in Germany in early 1942—by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin. It is now used throughout India.

Subhas Bose was born into wealth and privilege in a large Bengali family in Orissa during the British Raj. The early recipient of an Anglocentric education, he was sent after college to England to take the Indian Civil Service examination. He succeeded with distinction in the vital first exam but demurred at taking the routine final exam, citing nationalism to be a higher calling. Returning to India in 1921, Bose joined the nationalist movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. He followed Jawaharlal Nehru to leadership in a group within the Congress which was less keen on constitutional reform and more open to socialism.Bose became Congress president in 1938. After reelection in 1939, differences arose between him and the Congress leaders, including Gandhi, over the future federation of British India and princely states, but also because discomfort had grown among the Congress leadership over Bose's negotiable attitude to non-violence, and his plans for greater powers for himself. After the large majority of the Congress Working Committee members resigned in protest. Bose resigning on 29 April 1939. Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the next President of the Congress.

29 April - World Veterinary Day 2023

 

World Veterinary Day is celebrated every year on the last Saturday of April, and it is an opportunity to recognize the critical role that veterinarians play in promoting animal health, welfare, and public health. This day also aims to increase public awareness about the importance of veterinary medicine and the many challenges that veterinarians face.

Veterinarians are healthcare professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries in animals. They work with a wide variety of animals, from domestic pets and livestock to wildlife and zoo animals. Their work involves not only treating sick and injured animals but also preventing the spread of diseases that can affect both animals and humans.

The theme of World Veterinary Day changes every year, and it focuses on different issues that are relevant to veterinary medicine. For example, in 2021, the theme was "The Veterinarian Response to the Covid-19 Crisis," which highlighted the vital role that veterinarians played in responding to the pandemic, from testing animals to providing support to human healthcare workers.

On World Veterinary Day, veterinary organizations and professionals come together to organize various events and activities to promote animal health and welfare. These events may include free pet health check-ups, educational programs for pet owners, and workshops for veterinary students and professionals.

In addition to celebrating the contributions of veterinarians, World Veterinary Day also serves as a reminder of the many challenges that the veterinary profession faces. These challenges include animal welfare issues, the emergence of new diseases, and the need to promote responsible animal ownership.

By recognizing the importance of veterinary medicine and the dedicated work of veterinarians, we can help to ensure that animals receive the care they need, and that public health is protected. So on World Veterinary Day, let us take a moment to appreciate and support the work of these essential healthcare professionals.

 

29 April - Raja Ravi Varma birth anniversary

 

Raja Ravi Varma, born on April 29, 1848, in Kilimanoor, Travancore (now in Kerala, India), was a celebrated Indian painter who is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Indian Art." He is renowned for his pioneering contributions to Indian art, particularly in the realm of portraiture and the depiction of Indian mythology and legends.

Raja Ravi Varma is best known for his ability to blend European techniques of oil painting with traditional Indian aesthetics. His works introduced a new dimension to Indian art by capturing the beauty and grandeur of Indian culture, heritage, and mythology. His paintings of Hindu gods, goddesses, and mythological characters are iconic and have left an indelible mark on Indian art.

He received several accolades and awards for his artistic achievements, including being awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal by the British government. His artistic legacy continues to inspire artists and art enthusiasts in India and around the world.

Raja Ravi Varma passed away on October 2, 1906, in Attingal, Travancore, but his artistic contributions continue to be celebrated and admired, making him an enduring figure in the world of Indian art.

29 April - International Dance Day

 

International Dance Day is celebrated annually on April 29th. It was first established by the International Dance Council (CID) in 1982 to commemorate the birthday of Jean-Georges Noverre, the founder of modern ballet.

Dance is a universal language that transcends cultures and brings people together. It is an art form that expresses emotions, tells stories, and reflects the diverse cultures and traditions of the world. International Dance Day is a day to celebrate the power of dance and its ability to inspire, connect, and transform.

On this day, dance companies, schools, and organizations from around the world come together to host events, performances, and workshops. These events showcase a wide variety of dance styles, from traditional folk dances to contemporary and modern dance forms.

International Dance Day is also an opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of dance in society. It promotes the idea that dance is not only a form of entertainment but also a valuable tool for promoting social cohesion, physical fitness, and mental wellbeing.

The theme for International Dance Day changes every year, with each theme reflecting a different aspect of dance and its role in society. Some of the past themes have included "Dance and Spirituality," "Dance and the City," and "Dance and Nature."

In conclusion, International Dance Day is an important celebration of dance and its significance in our lives. It provides a platform for dancers, choreographers, and dance enthusiasts to come together and share their love for this art form. As we celebrate this day, let us appreciate the beauty of dance and the joy it brings to our lives.

 

28 April - Vinayak Krishna Gokak death anniversary

 

Vinayak Krishna Gokak was an eminent Indian writer, scholar, and academic who made significant contributions to Kannada literature and Indian literature in general. Born on 09 August 1909, Gokak's literary career spanned several decades, during which he produced an extensive body of work encompassing poetry, novels, essays, and literary criticism.

Gokak is particularly renowned for his contributions to modern Kannada poetry. He was instrumental in bringing about a modernist movement in Kannada literature, introducing new themes, styles, and forms. His poetry often explored existential themes, human emotions, and the complexities of the modern world.

Apart from his literary pursuits, Gokak also had a distinguished academic career. He served as the Vice-Chancellor of Mysore University and later as the Chairman of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Gokak's scholarly endeavors extended to areas such as linguistics, philosophy, and education, reflecting his multidisciplinary interests.

One of Gokak's most notable achievements was his recognition as the recipient of the Jnanpith Award, one of the highest literary honors in India, for his contributions to literature. His notable works include "Bhoomi Geeta," "Mandara Kavya," and "Kanaka Purandara," among others.

Vinayak Krishna Gokak passed away on 28 April 1992, leaving behind a rich literary legacy that continues to inspire readers and scholars alike.

28 April - Mutiny on the Bounty in 1789

 

The mutiny on the Royal Navy vessel HMS Bounty occurred in the South Pacific Ocean on 28 April 1789. Disaffected crewmen, led by acting-Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, seized control of the ship from their captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and eighteen loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch. The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti or on Pitcairn Island. Bligh navigated more than 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) in the launch to reach safety and began the process of bringing the mutineers to justice.

Bounty had left England in 1787 on a mission to collect and transport breadfruit plants from Tahiti to the West Indies. A five-month layover in Tahiti, during which many of the men lived ashore and formed relationships with native Polynesians, led those men to be less amenable to military discipline. Relations between Bligh and his crew deteriorated after he allegedly began handing out increasingly harsh punishments, criticism, and abuse, Christian being a particular target. After three weeks back at sea, Christian and others forced Bligh from the ship. Twenty-five men remained on board afterwards, including loyalists held against their will and others for whom there was no room in the launch.

After Bligh reached England in April 1790, the Admiralty dispatched HMS Pandora to apprehend the mutineers. Fourteen were captured in Tahiti and imprisoned on board Pandora, which then searched without success for Christian's party that had hidden on Pitcairn Island. After turning back towards England, Pandora ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef, with the loss of 31 crew and four prisoners from Bounty. The ten surviving detainees reached England in June 1792 and were court-martialled; four were acquitted, three were pardoned, and three were hanged.

Christian's group remained undiscovered on Pitcairn until 1808, by which time only one mutineer, John Adams, remained alive. Almost all of his fellow mutineers, including Christian, had been killed, either by one another or by their Polynesian companions. No action was taken against Adams; descendants of the mutineers and their accompanying Tahitians live on Pitcairn into the 21st century.

28 April - Tobias Michael Carel Asser birth anniversary

 

Tobias Michael Carel Asser (28 April 1838 – 29 July 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar who is best known for his contributions to international law.

His work focused on the development of international law and the promotion of peaceful dispute resolution.

He played a key role in the establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague. He was one of the driving forces behind the first Hague Peace Conference in 1899, where the idea of creating the PCA was discussed and eventually agreed upon. Asser’s work on the establishment of the PCA paved the way for the development of modern international arbitration and helped to promote the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

He was also involved in the development of the Hague Convention on International Law, which was adopted in 1899 and served as the basis for the development of modern international law. He wrote several influential books on international law, including “International Law: A Treatise” and “An International Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes”.

28 April - Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa birth anniversary

 

Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa (28 April 1791 – 30 April 1837), was the army chief of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The one person who was most feared in the minds of Pathans and Afghans, from Peshawar to Kabul. The name of that personality was General Hari Singh Nalwa. Hari Singh Nalwa, the biggest general of the Sikh army, conquered Kashmir and got his iron convinced. Not only this, he also won Kabul by offering an army. Freed the country from Islamic invasions from Khyber Pass. He was born on 28 April 1791 in Gujranwala, Punjab.

28 April - Madhusudan Das birth anniversary

 

Madhusudan Das (28 April 1848 – 04 February 1934) was an Indian lawyer and social reformer, who founded Utkal Sammilani in 1903 to campaign for the unification of Odisha along with its social and industrial development. He was one of the main persons, helping in the creation of Orissa Province (present-day Odisha, India), which was established on 1 April 1936. He was also the first graduate and advocate of Orissa. He is also known as Kulabruddha (Grand Old Man), Madhu Babu, and Utkal Gouraba (Pride of Utkal). In Odisha, his birthday is celebrated as the Lawyers' Day on 28 April.

27 April - USA celebrates BABE RUTH day

 

On April 27, baseball fans worldwide honor one of baseball’s all-time greatest players on National Babe Ruth Day.  

George Herman “Babe” Ruth, Jr., born on February 6, 1895, in Baltimore, Maryland, was nicknamed “the Bambino” and “the Sultan of Swat.” Spending 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), he played for three teams from 1914 to 1935.

27 April - Mumtaz Mahal was born in 1593

 

 Mumtaz Mahal (27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631), the Queen of the Mughal Empire from 19 January 1628 to 17 June 1631 as the wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. She was designated Mumtaz as his chief empress with the title of ‘Malika-i-Jahan’ (“Queen of the World”) and ‘Malika-uz-Zamani’ (“Queen of the Age”). The Taj Mahal in Agra is often cited as one of the World’s Wonders, and it was commissioned by Shah Jahan to be built as a mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal. She was born as on 27 April 1593 in Agra.

27 April - Airbus A380 aircraft had its maiden test flight in 2005

 

On 27 April 2005, Airbus A380 aircraft had its maiden test flight.

The Airbus A380 is the world's largest passenger airliner, a wide-body aircraft manufactured by Airbus. Airbus studies started in 1988 and the project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long haul market. The A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the €9.5 billion ($10.7 billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000. The first prototype was unveiled in Toulouse on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005. Difficulties in electrical wiring caused a two-year delay and the development cost ballooned to €18 billion. It obtained its EASA and FAA type certificates on 12 December 2006.

27 April - USA celebrates National Tell a Story Day

 National Tell a Story Day on April 27th each year in the United States encourages people of all ages to share stories. The stories can take many forms, too. You can read from a book or create one from your imagination. Stories recreated from childhood memory leave an indelible imprint on both the storyteller and the listener. No matter what story you tell, the day supports gathering with friends and family to share those stories.

Libraries around the country participate in the day. They offer special storytelling times for children. Do you have a story to tell? It does not matter if the story is a short story or a long story, fiction or nonfiction, a tall tale or folklore. Seek the storytellers in your life and encourage them to regale you with stories. As you listen, record them in some way. This is a day for them all.

26 April - Srinivasa Ramanujan death anniversary

 

Srinivasa Ramanujan, passed away on 26 April 1920, was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be unsolvable. Ramanujan initially developed his own mathematical research in isolation: "He tried to interest the leading professional mathematicians in his work, but failed for the most part. What he had to show them was too novel, too unfamiliar, and additionally presented in unusual ways; they could not be bothered". Seeking mathematicians who could better understand his work, in 1913 he began a postal partnership with the English mathematician G. H. Hardy at the University of Cambridge, England. Recognizing the extraordinary work sent to him as samples, Hardy arranged travel for Ramanujan to Cambridge. In his notes, Ramanujan had produced groundbreaking new theorems, including some that Hardy stated had "defeated completely", in addition to rediscovering recently proven but highly advanced results

26 April - Tansen death anniversary

 

Tansen, passed away on 26 April 1589, was a prominent figure of Hindustani classical music. Born in a Hindu family, he learned and perfected his art in the northwest region of modern Madhya Pradesh. He began his career and spent most of his adult life in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Rewa, Raja Ramchandra Singh, where Tansen's musical abilities and studies gained widespread fame. This reputation brought him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh, requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court. Tansen did not want to go, but Raja Ramchandra Singh encouraged him to gain a wider audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar. In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court, and his performances became a subject of many court historians.

26 April - The Chernobyl disaster

 

The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986, at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the city of Pripyat, in the former Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union at the time.

The disaster occurred during a late-night safety test in Reactor Number 4 of the Chernobyl power plant. Due to a combination of design flaws, operational errors, and inadequate safety protocols, a sudden power surge led to a series of explosions, resulting in a massive release of radioactive material into the atmosphere.

The immediate aftermath of the explosion led to the deaths of two plant workers, and the ensuing fire and radioactive fallout had devastating consequences for the surrounding area and beyond. The radioactive cloud spread over large parts of Europe, contaminating vast areas with dangerous levels of radiation.

The Chernobyl disaster is considered the worst nuclear accident in history in terms of both casualties and environmental impact. It resulted in widespread health problems, including radiation sickness, cancer, and birth defects, among the affected populations. The disaster also had significant social, economic, and environmental consequences, leading to the evacuation and abandonment of entire towns and regions surrounding the Chernobyl power plant.

Called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation.

25 April - Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan death anniversary

 

Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan was one of the most renowned classical vocalists in the Indian subcontinent. Born on April 2, 1902, in Kasur, British India (now in Pakistan), he belonged to the Patiala Gharana (a school of Hindustani classical music). Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan was known for his exceptional mastery over the Hindustani classical music tradition, particularly the khayal and thumri genres.

His powerful and emotive voice, along with his intricate knowledge of raga (melodic modes) and tala (rhythmic cycles), earned him immense acclaim both in India and abroad. Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan's renditions were characterized by their depth, versatility, and ability to evoke intense emotions in listeners.

Apart from his mastery of classical music, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan also experimented with blending elements of other musical styles, resulting in a unique and innovative approach to his performances. He recorded numerous albums and gave memorable live performances throughout his illustrious career.

Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan's contributions to Hindustani classical music have left an indelible mark on the genre, inspiring generations of musicians and earning him a lasting legacy as one of the greatest vocalists in the history of Indian classical music. He passed away on April 25, 1968, leaving behind a rich treasure trove of musical compositions and recordings.

25 April - Ella Fitzgerald birth anniversary

Ella Fitzgerald, often referred to as the "First Lady of Song" or the "Queen of Jazz," was an iconic American jazz vocalist. She was born on 25 April 1917, in Newport News, Virginia, and passed away on 15 June 1996, in Beverly Hills, California.

Fitzgerald's career spanned several decades, and she is widely regarded as one of the most influential jazz singers of all time. Her vocal range, impeccable technique, and ability to improvise made her a true virtuoso in her field. Fitzgerald's contributions to jazz music are immense, and her recordings continue to be celebrated for their artistry and innovation.

Throughout her career, Fitzgerald collaborated with many notable jazz musicians, including Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie, among others. She recorded numerous albums and singles, covering a wide range of musical styles, from swing and bebop to ballads and scat singing.

Among her many achievements, Fitzgerald won a total of 14 Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award. She was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States, in recognition of her contributions to music and culture.

Ella Fitzgerald's legacy extends far beyond her remarkable vocal talent. She broke down racial barriers in the music industry and became an inspiration to countless artists around the world. Her recordings continue to captivate audiences and inspire new generations of musicians, ensuring that her influence on jazz music will endure for years to come.

24 April - The fall of the city of Troy 1184 BC

 

On 24 April 1184 BC, The fall of the city of Troy.

Trojan War, legendary conflict between the early Greeks and the people of Troy in western Anatolia, dated by later Greek authors to the 12th or 13th century BCE. The war stirred the imagination of the ancient Greeks more than any other event in their history and was celebrated in the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer, as well as a number of other early works now lost, and frequently provided material for the great dramatists of the Classical Age. It also figures in the literature of the Romans (e.g., Virgil’s Aeneid) and of later peoples down to modern times.

In the traditional accounts, Paris, son of the Trojan king, ran off with Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta, whose brother Agamemnon then led a Greek expedition against Troy. The ensuing war lasted 10 years, finally ending when the Greeks pretended to withdraw, leaving behind them a large wooden horse with a raiding party concealed inside. When the Trojans brought the horse into their city, the hidden Greeks opened the gates to their comrades, who then sacked Troy, massacred its men, and carried off its women. This version was recorded centuries later; the extent to which it reflects actual historical events is not known.

24 April - Dr. Rajkumar (actor) birth anniversary

 

Dr. Rajkumar (actor), born on 24 April 1929, was a popular Indian film actor and playback singer in the Kannada cinema. Widely acclaimed as one of the finest actors in the history of Indian cinema, he is considered a cultural icon and holds a matinée idol status in the Kannada diaspora. He was honored by Padma Bhushan Award in 1983, several national and state awards. His films have been remade more than 50 times in various languages. His 31 movies have been remade 53 times in 7 languages

23 April - William Wordsworth death anniversary

 

William Wordsworth, passed away on 23 April 1850, was an English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early years that he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published by his wife in the year of his death, before which it was generally known as "the poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy.

22 April - Baldev Raj Chopra birth anniversary

 

Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 05 November 2008) was a famous Indian director and producer of Bollywood industry and television series . Best known for directing Hindi films like Naya Daur (1957), Sadhna (1958), Kanoon (1961), Gumrah (1963), Humraaz (1967), Insaf Ka Tarazu (1980), Nikaah (1982), Awam (1987), and the producer of TV series, Mahabharat in 1988. He was awarded Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, for the year 1998, and Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2001.He died in Mumbai at the age of 94 on 5 November 2008

21 April - Mohammad Iqbal death anniversary

Muhammad Iqbal passed away on 21st April 1938 in Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan).

Muhammad Iqbal, often referred to as Allama Iqbal, was a renowned poet, philosopher, and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. Born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, British India (now in Pakistan), Iqbal was educated in both the East and the West, earning degrees from Government College Lahore and the University of Cambridge.

His poetry, written in Urdu and Persian, reflects a deep spiritual and philosophical exploration, often focusing on themes of self-discovery, national identity, and the revitalization of the Islamic world. Some of his notable works include "Asrar-e-Khudi" (Secrets of the Self), "Bang-e-Dra" (The Call of the Marching Bell), and "Zabur-e-Ajam" (Persian Psalms).

Iqbal's vision for a separate Muslim state eventually culminated in the creation of Pakistan in 1947, though he passed away in 1938, well before its establishment. His ideas and poetry played a significant role in shaping the ideology of Pakistan and continue to inspire people across the world. He is widely respected as the national poet of Pakistan.

 

 

21 April - Queen Elizabeth II birth Anniversary

 

Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, in London, England, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth).

Elizabeth's early life was spent primarily in the care of governesses and tutors. In 1936, her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated the throne, and Elizabeth's father became King George VI. Elizabeth became heir presumptive to the throne, and her education included learning about the duties and responsibilities that came with the monarchy.

During World War II, Elizabeth and her sister, Princess Margaret, were evacuated to Windsor Castle for their safety. Elizabeth joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service, where she trained as a mechanic and driver. She also made her first radio broadcast to the children of the Commonwealth during this time.

In 1947, Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. They have four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward.

Elizabeth ascended to the throne on February 6, 1952, following the death of her father. Her coronation was held the following year on June 2, 1953, at Westminster Abbey. Since then, she has become the longest-reigning monarch in British history, surpassing Queen Victoria's record in 2015.

During her reign, Elizabeth has seen many changes in the world, including the end of the British Empire and the rise of the Commonwealth of Nations. She has also witnessed many political and social changes within the United Kingdom, including the devolution of power to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and the introduction of same-sex marriage.

Despite her ceremonial role, Elizabeth has played a significant role in shaping the monarchy and its relationship with the public. She is known for her dedication to duty and her commitment to serving the people of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. She has traveled extensively throughout her reign, visiting more than 120 countries and meeting with countless world leaders.

Elizabeth is also known for her love of horses and horse racing, and she is a passionate supporter of the arts and sciences. She is the patron of many charitable organizations and has received numerous honors and awards for her service to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.

In recent years, Elizabeth has begun to scale back her official duties, passing many of them on to her children and grandchildren. However, she continues to be a beloved and respected figure in the United Kingdom and around the world.

21 April - Brasília founded in 1960

 

Brasília is the capital city of Brazil, located in the Federal District in the central part of the country. It was founded on 21 April 1960 and is known for its unique modernist architecture and urban planning.  On 21 April 2012, Google celebrated Brasilia’s Anniversary.

Brasília was planned and built as the new capital of Brazil to promote the country’s interior development and reduce the concentration of political and economic power in coastal cities. The decision to construct a new capital was made in 1956, and the city was designed by the renowned Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and urban planner Lúcio Costa. Construction began in 1957, and the city was officially inaugurated as the capital of Brazil on April 21, 1960.

Brasília is famous for its unique modernist architecture, characterized by its innovative and futuristic design. Many of the city’s buildings were designed by Oscar Niemeyer, known for his curved lines, bold forms, and use of reinforced concrete. The city’s architecture includes notable landmarks such as the National Congress of Brazil, the Presidential Palace, the Cathedral of Brasília, and the Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge, among others.

21 April - Friedrich Frobel birth anniversary

 

Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel (21 April 1782 – 21 June 1852) was a German pedagogue, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the kindergarten and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts.

21 April - foundation of Bangkok as the capital IN 1782

 

In 1782, King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) succeeded Taksin, moved the capital to the eastern bank's Rattanakosin Island, thus founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The City Pillar was erected on 21 April 1782, which is regarded as the date of foundation of Bangkok as the capital.

Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated population of 10.539 million as of 2020, 15.3 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy. 

21 April - Bajirao I succeeded Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath in 1720

 

Bajirao I (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), born as Visaji, was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated Nizam-ul-Mulk at several battles like the Battle of Palkhed and Battle of Bhopal. Bajirao contributed to Maratha supremacy in southern India and northern India. Thus, he was partly responsible for establishing Maratha power in Gujarat, Malwa, Rajputana and Bundelkhand and liberating Konkan (in the western coast of India) from the Siddis of Janjira and Portuguese rule.

When Balaji Vishwanath died in 1720, Shahu Maharaj appointed the 20-year-old Baji Rao on 21 April 1720 as Peshwa despite opposition from other chieftains.

21 April - Max Weber birth anniversary

 

Max Weber (21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920), a German lawyer, historian, politician, sociologist, as well as known as a political economist. His ideas deeply influenced social theory and social research. Weber was a major proponent of methodological antipositivism, arguing for the study of social action through an interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) understanding of the objective and means that individuals engage with their actions. He was born on 21 April 1864Max Weber (21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920), a German lawyer, historian, politician, sociologist, as well as known as a political economist. His ideas deeply influenced social theory and social research. Weber was a major proponent of methodological antipositivism, arguing for the study of social action through an interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) understanding of the objective and means that individuals engage with their actions. He was born on 21 April 1864

21 April - Inder Kumar Gujral served as 12th prime minister of India

 

Inder Kumar Gujral (4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012) was an Indian diplomat, politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th prime minister of India from 21 April 1997 to March 1998.

Born in Punjab, he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student, and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India. He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement. After independence, he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964, and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha.

He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency. In 1976, he was appointed the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union. In 1996, he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry, and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period. He was appointed the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997. His tenure lasted for less than a year.

He retired from all political positions in 1998. He died in 2012 at the age of 92, following hospitalization due to a lung infection. 

20 April - Philippe Pinel French physician birth anniversary

 

Philippe Pinel was a French physician who is considered one of the founders of modern psychiatry. He was born on April 20, 1745, in Saint-Andre, France. Pinel was a pioneer in the humane treatment of mentally ill patients, and his work helped to change the way mental illness was viewed and treated.

In 1792, Pinel was appointed as the physician-in-chief of the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris, which at the time was one of the largest asylums in Europe. He was appalled by the inhumane conditions in which the mentally ill were kept, and he began to implement reforms to improve their treatment. He believed that mental illness was a disease of the mind, rather than a form of demonic possession, as many people believed at the time.

Pinel introduced the concept of moral treatment, which emphasized the importance of treating mentally ill patients with kindness and compassion, rather than punishment and cruelty. He allowed patients to move around freely, interact with each other, and engage in activities such as gardening and painting. He also began to document his observations of patients' behavior, which helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

Pinel's work had a profound impact on the field of psychiatry, and his ideas were widely adopted throughout Europe and North America. He was also instrumental in the development of the classification system for mental illness, which is still used today.

Pinel died on October 25, 1826, in Paris. His legacy continues to inspire modern psychiatrists and mental health professionals to provide compassionate care and treatment to those suffering from mental illness.

20 April - Adolf Hitler birth anniversary

 

Adolf Hitler was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party, who rose to power as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and later Führer in 1934. He was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary. Hitler's rise to power and his aggressive foreign policies led to the Second World War and the Holocaust, in which millions of people, including six million Jews, were killed.

Hitler's early life was marked by poverty, rejection, and failure. He dropped out of high school, twice failed to gain admission to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, and lived in homeless shelters and slept on park benches. In 1913, he moved to Munich, Germany, and became involved in politics, joining the German Workers' Party, which would later become the Nazi Party.

After Germany's defeat in World War I, Hitler blamed the Jews, socialists, and communists for Germany's problems. He became the leader of the Nazi Party in 1921 and soon gained a following with his charismatic speeches and promises to restore Germany's power and prestige.

In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg, and he quickly consolidated power, establishing a dictatorship and suppressing opposition. He implemented policies to create a racially pure society, including the persecution and extermination of Jews and other minorities.

Hitler's aggressive foreign policies led to the invasion of Poland in 1939, which triggered the start of World War II. Germany rapidly conquered much of Europe, but was eventually defeated by Allied forces in 1945. Hitler committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945, as Allied forces closed in on the city.

Hitler's legacy is one of devastation and tragedy. His policies led to the deaths of millions of people and forever scarred the world. His ideology of racism and hatred lives on in the form of neo-Nazism and other extremist groups. Hitler serves as a warning of the dangers of unchecked power, hate, and intolerance

 

20 April - Bernard Katz death anniversary

 

Bernard Katz was a prominent German-born British biophysicist known for his pioneering work in neurophysiology. He was born on 26 March 1911, in Leipzig, Germany, and he passed away on  20 April 2003, in London, United Kingdom.

Katz made significant contributions to our understanding of how nerve cells communicate with each other and with muscles. He is best known for his research on the mechanism of synaptic transmission, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970, shared with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler.

One of Katz's most important discoveries was the understanding of how neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells at synapses and how they influence the electrical activity of target cells. He proposed the concept of quantal release of neurotransmitters, suggesting that neurotransmitter release occurs in discrete packets or quanta, which was a groundbreaking insight into synaptic physiology.

Katz's work laid the foundation for our modern understanding of synaptic transmission and neurotransmission, and it has had a profound impact on the fields of neuroscience and pharmacology. His research paved the way for further discoveries and advancements in our understanding of how the nervous system functions.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Bernard Katz received numerous other honors and awards throughout his career in recognition of his contributions to science and medicine. He is remembered as one of the leading figures in neurophysiology and synaptic transmission, whose work continues to inspire and influence scientists around the world.

20 April - Zu Chongzhi birth anniversary

 

Zu Chongzhi was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, politician, inventor, and writer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, a record in accuracy which would not be surpassed for over 800 years.  

On 20 April 2009, Google celebrated Zu Chongzhi’s Birthday with a doodle