15 December - The United States Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791

 

The United States Bill of Rights was ratified on December 15, 1791. On this date, Virginia became the eleventh state to ratify the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, thus officially incorporating them into the Constitution. These amendments aimed to safeguard individual liberties and limit the power of the federal government. The Bill of Rights includes fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair and speedy trial. December 15 is now celebrated as Bill of Rights Day in the United States.

15 December - Homecoming Day Alderney

 

For Alderney, there was no Liberation as is remembered and celebrated by Islanders in Guernsey, Sark and Jersey as all Alderney residents were evacuated in June 1940 and the island housed the only Concentration Camp on British Soil.

After spending over five years on mainland Britain, on December 15^th 1945 the Alderney islanders finally began to return home. On their return they found their homeland changed forever. The island had been ransacked and looted and the years that followed were hard times where they struggled to rebuild their homes and their community.

Every year, the islanders come together to celebrate Homecoming Day with a church service and the laying of a wreath under a brass plaque at the courthouse with the famous words of Judge French calling the islanders to assemble ready to evacuate the island in June 1940.

15 December - Kingdom Day - Koninkrijksdag

 

Kingdom Day, known as "Koninkrijksdag" in Dutch, is a public holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The holiday is observed on December 15th each year, and it commemorates the signing of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1954.

Key points about Kingdom Day (Koninkrijksdag):

1. Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands:

   • Kingdom Day is tied to the signing of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands on December 15, 1954. This charter marked a restructuring of the relationship between the Netherlands and its overseas territories.

2. Kingdom of the Netherlands:

   • The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy consisting of four countries: the Netherlands (in Europe), Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten (in the Caribbean). These four countries are equal partners in the Kingdom.

3. Equal Status:

   • The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands aimed to grant a more equal status to the overseas territories within the Kingdom. Each country within the Kingdom has its own government and a certain degree of autonomy.

4. Celebrations:

   • Kingdom Day is a day of celebration and reflection. It is an opportunity for people in the Netherlands and its Caribbean territories to celebrate their shared history and the ties that bind them within the Kingdom.

5. Ceremonies and Events:

   • Various ceremonies and events take place on Kingdom Day, including official ceremonies, cultural performances, and community events. It is a time for people to come together and celebrate the diversity and unity of the Kingdom.

6. Cultural Exchange:

   • Kingdom Day provides an occasion for cultural exchange between the different parts of the Kingdom. Events may include exhibitions, music performances, and activities that showcase the unique cultures of the Netherlands and its Caribbean territories.

7. Unity in Diversity:

   • The holiday underscores the idea of unity in diversity, recognizing and celebrating the cultural, historical, and geographical diversity of the Kingdom while emphasizing the shared values and collaboration among its constituent parts.

It's worth noting that while Kingdom Day is observed in the Netherlands and its Caribbean territories, the specific activities and events may vary among the different parts of the Kingdom. The holiday is a testament to the shared history and cooperative relationship that exists within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

 

15 December - Zamenhof Day (Esperanto Day)

 

Zamenhof Day, also known as Esperanto Day, is an annual observance held on December 15th. It commemorates the birthday of L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, an artificial international auxiliary language designed to foster communication and understanding among people of different linguistic backgrounds.

Key points about Zamenhof Day:

1. L. L. Zamenhof:

   • L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist, created Esperanto in the late 19th century. He believed that a neutral and easy-to-learn language would facilitate communication and contribute to global understanding.

2. Birthdate:

   • Zamenhof was born on December 15, 1859, in Białystok, which was then part of the Russian Empire (now in Poland).

3. Esperanto:

   • Esperanto is a constructed language with a grammar that is relatively simple compared to many natural languages. Zamenhof's goal was to provide a universal second language that could be used as a means of communication between people of different native languages, fostering peace and international cooperation.

4. Zamenhof Day Celebrations:

   • Zamenhof Day is celebrated by Esperanto speakers and enthusiasts around the world. It often involves cultural and educational events, including lectures, seminars, and social gatherings where people can use Esperanto to communicate.

5. Promotion of Esperanto:

   • On Zamenhof Day, there is often a focus on promoting Esperanto and its principles. This may include introducing the language to newcomers, organizing language-learning sessions, and encouraging the use of Esperanto in various contexts.

6. Recognition of Contributions:

   • Zamenhof Day is also an occasion to recognize and appreciate Zamenhof's contributions to linguistic and cultural understanding. Many people view Esperanto as a symbol of hope for global communication and peace.

7. Esperanto Movement:

   • The Esperanto movement has a global community of speakers and supporters who actively promote the language and its ideals. Zamenhof Day is a significant date within this community.

Esperanto has not become a universal second language as Zamenhof had initially hoped, but it continues to have a dedicated community of speakers and serves as a unique experiment in language design and international communication. Zamenhof Day provides an opportunity for people to come together and celebrate the vision of linguistic harmony that L. L. Zamenhof envisioned.

 

15 December - "Gone with the Wind" movie premiered in 1939

 

"Gone with the Wind," one of the most iconic and acclaimed films in cinematic history, premiered in Atlanta, Georgia, on 15 December 1939. The premiere was a major event, attended by numerous celebrities, including members of the film's cast and crew.

Here are some key points about "Gone with the Wind" and its premiere:

1. Release Date: While the premiere in Atlanta took place on 15 December 1939, the film's general release in the United States occurred shortly afterward, on 19 December  1939.

2. Location: The premiere was held at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, and it was a grand affair with a red-carpet event, live music, and a star-studded guest list.

3. Cast and Crew: The film was directed by Victor Fleming and based on Margaret Mitchell's novel of the same name. The main cast included Clark Gable as Rhett Butler, Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara, Leslie Howard as Ashley Wilkes, and Olivia de Havilland as Melanie Hamilton.

4. Historical Significance: "Gone with the Wind" is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. It went on to become one of the most beloved and successful films in cinema history, earning critical acclaim and numerous awards.

5. Academy Awards: The film was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and won eight, including Best Picture, Best Director for Victor Fleming, and Best Actress for Vivien Leigh.

6. Cultural Impact: "Gone with the Wind" remains culturally significant, known for its epic storytelling, memorable characters, and groundbreaking use of color cinematography.

Despite its enduring popularity, it's important to note that "Gone with the Wind" has also faced criticism for its portrayal of race and the glorification of the Old South. Over the years, discussions about its historical and social context have continued, prompting reassessments of its legacy.

 

14 December - Raj Kapoor birth anniversary

 

Raj Kapoor, born on December 14, 1924, was a luminary who illuminated the world of Indian cinema. As an actor, producer, and director, he left an indelible mark on the industry. Kapoor's creative genius spawned timeless classics that continue to enchant audiences across generations. His cinematic journey was marked by a distinct blend of romance, social commentary, and artistry.

Kapoor's charisma on screen, coupled with his knack for storytelling, propelled him to the forefront of Bollywood's golden era. His innovative direction and portrayal of emotions set new benchmarks, evident in masterpieces like "Awara," "Shree 420," and "Mera Naam Joker." These films showcased his ability to weave narratives that resonated with the masses.

Beyond his cinematic accomplishments, Kapoor's artistic vision extended to his role as a producer, fostering fresh talent and introducing innovative narratives. His legacy continues through his family, who have maintained their prominence in the film industry. Raj Kapoor's impact on Bollywood and his birthdate of December 14th serve as a reminder of the enduring power of creativity and storytelling.

 

14 December - Roald Amundsen led the first successful expedition to reach the South Pole in 1911

 

Amundsen led the first successful expedition to reach the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, he and his team reached the pole, beating the British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott.

 Roald Amundsen (July 16, 1872 – June 18, 1928) was a Norwegian explorer known for his achievements in polar exploration. Here are some key points about Roald Amundsen:

1. South Pole Expedition: Amundsen led the first successful expedition to reach the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, he and his team reached the pole, beating the British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott.

2. Northwest Passage: Amundsen was the first person to navigate the entire Northwest Passage, a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He accomplished this feat between 1903 and 1906.

3. Fram Expedition: Amundsen's successful navigation of the Northwest Passage was part of the larger Fram Expedition (1899–1902) aboard the ship Fram. The goal was to reach the North Pole, but due to competition from other explorers, Amundsen changed his plans and aimed for the Northwest Passage instead.

4. Race to the South Pole: The race to the South Pole was one of the most famous expeditions of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Amundsen's meticulous planning, use of dog sleds, and knowledge of polar conditions contributed to the success of his expedition over Scott's.

5. Airship Norge: In 1926, Amundsen and American explorer Lincoln Ellsworth were the first to fly over the North Pole in the airship Norge, piloted by Italian engineer Umberto Nobile. This expedition marked the first verified expedition to the North Pole.

6. Disappearance: Roald Amundsen went missing in 1928 while on a rescue mission for Italian explorer Umberto Nobile, whose airship had crashed in the Arctic. Amundsen's plane was lost, and his fate remained uncertain for many years.

7. Legacy: Amundsen is remembered as one of the greatest polar explorers in history. His meticulous planning, adaptability, and ability to understand and navigate harsh polar environments contributed to the success of his expeditions.

Roald Amundsen's contributions to polar exploration made him a legendary figure, and his achievements in reaching both the South Pole and the North Pole remain significant milestones in the history of exploration.

     

14 December - B. K. S. Iyengar Indian teacher of yoga and author was born

 

 Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (B. K. S. Iyengar ) (14 December 1918 – 20 August 2014) was an Indian teacher of yoga and author. He is founder of the style of yoga as exercise, known as "Iyengar Yoga", and was considered one of the foremost yoga gurus in the world.He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including Light on Yoga, Light on Pranayama, Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and Light on Life. Iyengar was one of the earliest students of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who is often referred to as "the father of modern yoga".He has been credited with popularizing yoga, first in India and then around the world.

The Indian government awarded Iyengar the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002, and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014.In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine

14 December - Lord Canning birth anniversary

 

Lord Canning, whose full name was Charles John Canning, was a British statesman and the first Viceroy of India during the critical period of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Here are some key points about Lord Canning:

1. Birth and Early Life: Charles John Canning was born on 14 December 1812, in London, England. He came from a prominent political family, and his father was George Canning, a British statesman and Prime Minister.

2. Political Career: Lord Canning entered politics and served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Governor-General of India.

3. Viceroy of India: Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India in 1856, succeeding Lord Dalhousie. His term coincided with a tumultuous period in Indian history, marked by the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independence.

4. Indian Rebellion of 1857: The outbreak of the Indian Rebellion in 1857 posed a significant challenge to British rule in India. Canning faced the difficult task of suppressing the rebellion and restoring order. His decisions during this time were criticized by some, but he also took steps to address the grievances that had contributed to the uprising.

5. Policy of Mercy: Despite the severity of the rebellion, Canning advocated a policy of clemency and mercy toward the rebels who surrendered. He sought to avoid excessive retribution and encouraged a more conciliatory approach.

6. Abolition of the East India Company: Lord Canning's tenure saw the formal end of the rule of the East India Company. In 1858, the Government of India Act was passed, and control of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown.

7. Later Career: After his term as Viceroy, Canning returned to England. He continued his political career and served as the British Foreign Secretary. He was created Earl Canning in 1859.

8. Death: Lord Canning died on 17 June 1862, at the age of 49.

Lord Canning's role during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and his policy decisions have been the subject of historical analysis and debate. His emphasis on clemency and the eventual transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown were significant developments in the history of British rule in India.

 

Reference: https://retrievia.wordpress.com/2008/04/14/page-19-2/

14 December - Prince Albert death anniversary

 

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort of the United Kingdom. Here are key details about him:

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819–1861):

1. Birth and Background: Prince Albert was born on August 26, 1819, in Schloss Rosenau, near Coburg, in the German Confederation. His full name was Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel.

2. Marriage to Queen Victoria: Prince Albert married his cousin, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, on February 10, 1840. Their marriage was a significant and influential partnership.

3. Role as Prince Consort: Prince Albert's role as Prince Consort involved supporting Queen Victoria in her duties, and he played a key role in modernizing the monarchy. He was involved in various cultural, artistic, and industrial initiatives.

4. Children: Prince Albert and Queen Victoria had nine children, and their descendants married into various European royal families, earning Queen Victoria the title "Grandmother of Europe."

5. Death: Prince Albert died on December 14, 1861, at the age of 42. His death deeply affected Queen Victoria, and she mourned him for the rest of her life.

6. Legacy: Prince Albert's legacy includes his influence on the cultural and intellectual life of the Victorian era. Many institutions and initiatives, including the Great Exhibition of 1851, were associated with his efforts to promote science, industry, and the arts.