Jatindra Nath Das (often called Jatin Das) was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, revolutionary, and martyr, known for his role in India's independence movement, particularly for his historic hunger strike while imprisoned.
Early Life:
- Born: October 27, 1904, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bengal Presidency, British India.
- Education: Das was a student at Vidyasagar College, affiliated with the University of Calcutta. While still a student, he became involved in the Anushilan Samiti, a revolutionary group.
Revolutionary Activities:
Jatindra Nath Das was deeply committed to the cause of India's independence from British rule. He joined the Anushilan Samiti, a secret revolutionary organization, at a young age and became involved in several radical activities. In 1925, he was arrested for his participation in revolutionary activities but was released after a 63-day hunger strike.
His revolutionary zeal was reignited when he joined Bhagat Singh and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), a prominent group of revolutionaries in northern India fighting for freedom. Das was involved in making bombs for the HSRA and participated in several significant revolutionary acts.
Imprisonment and Hunger Strike:
In June 1929, Jatindra Nath Das was arrested by the British authorities in connection with the Lahore Conspiracy Case. He was imprisoned in the Lahore Central Jail. Das, along with Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries, protested against the inhumane treatment of political prisoners by the British authorities. They demanded that Indian political prisoners be treated on par with European prisoners, including better hygiene, proper clothing, and food.
To press their demands, Jatin Das, along with other prisoners, started a hunger strike on July 13, 1929. While several others gave up due to deteriorating health, Das continued his hunger strike for an astounding 63 days. Despite numerous appeals and attempts to force-feed him, Das remained steadfast in his protest.
Death and Martyrdom:
On September 13, 1929, after 63 days of fasting, Jatindra Nath Das died in jail at the young age of 24. His death sent shockwaves throughout India and heightened the nationalistic fervor. His sacrifice for the cause of Indian independence became a symbol of revolutionary courage and dedication.
The British authorities were widely criticized for their role in Das's death, and his martyrdom stirred even greater opposition to colonial rule. His body was transported from Lahore to Calcutta, and thousands of people joined the procession, making his funeral a massive event in the Indian independence movement.
Legacy:
Jatindra Nath Das's hunger strike and ultimate martyrdom inspired countless freedom fighters and left an indelible mark on India's struggle for independence. His steadfastness in the face of immense suffering demonstrated the lengths to which Indian revolutionaries were willing to go for freedom. He is remembered as a hero and martyr of India’s independence movement.
In his honor, various institutions, streets, and public places have been named after him, including Jatin Das Park in Kolkata and Jatindra Nath Das Road. His life continues to be an inspiration for those who believe in standing up against injustice.
