31 January - Shri Krishna Singh death anniversary

 

Shri Krishna Singh (1887–1961) was an Indian politician and the first Chief Minister of the Indian state of Bihar. He played a crucial role in the independence movement and post-independence politics in Bihar. Here are some key points about Shri Krishna Singh:

1. Early Life: Born on 21 October 1887, in Ziradei, Bihar, Shri Krishna Singh was a prominent leader who emerged during the pre-independence era.

2. Political Career: Shri Krishna Singh was actively involved in the Indian independence movement. He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and later became associated with the Indian National Congress.

3. Chief Minister of Bihar: After India gained independence in 1947, Shri Krishna Singh became the first Chief Minister of Bihar, serving from 1946 to 1961. He held the position for an extended period and made significant contributions to the development of the state.

4. Land Reforms: Shri Krishna Singh is particularly remembered for his efforts in implementing land reforms in Bihar. His government focused on addressing issues related to land distribution and the rights of farmers.

5. Social Reforms: He also worked on various social and educational reforms during his tenure as Chief Minister.

6. Legacy: Shri Krishna Singh is remembered as a statesman and a key political figure in Bihar's history. The airport in Patna, the capital city of Bihar, is named Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport, honoring both Shri Krishna Singh and Dr. Jay Prakash Narayan.

7. Death: Shri Krishna Singh passed away on 31 January 1961.

His contributions to Bihar's political and social landscape have left a lasting impact, and he is remembered as one of the prominent leaders in the state's history.

31 January - Don Bosco's Feast Day

 

Saint John Bosco, commonly known as Don Bosco, is commemorated on his feast day, which falls on January 31st. This day is celebrated by the Catholic Church and those inspired by Don Bosco's life and work.

Saint John Bosco (1815–1888) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest, educator, and writer who dedicated his life to the welfare and education of poor and disadvantaged youth, particularly in Turin, Italy. He founded the Salesians of Don Bosco, a religious congregation focused on education and mission work.

Don Bosco's feast day serves as a time for reflection on his contributions to education, youth ministry, and social welfare. Many educational institutions inspired by the Salesian tradition may organize special events, prayers, and activities to honor his memory on this day.

31 January - Edwin Armstrong death anniversary

 

Edwin Howard Armstrong (18 December 1890 – 31 January 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor who made significant contributions to the development of radio communication. Among his most notable inventions are the regenerative circuit, the superheterodyne receiver, and frequency modulation (FM) radio.

Key contributions and achievements of Edwin Armstrong include:

1. Regenerative Circuit (1912): Armstrong invented the regenerative circuit, a type of amplifier circuit that provided positive feedback to boost the strength of radio signals. This invention greatly improved the sensitivity and selectivity of radio receivers.

2. Superheterodyne Receiver (1918): Armstrong developed the superheterodyne receiver, which uses a local oscillator to convert incoming radio frequency signals to a fixed intermediate frequency. This innovation became a standard in radio receivers and is still widely used today.

3. Frequency Modulation (FM) Radio (1933): Armstrong's most significant contribution was the invention of frequency modulation. FM radio offered superior sound quality and resistance to certain types of interference compared to amplitude modulation (AM) radio. Despite initial resistance from the existing AM broadcasting industry, FM eventually became widely adopted.

4. FM Broadcasting: Armstrong's work on FM radio faced significant challenges, including legal battles with established AM radio broadcasters. However, FM radio's advantages in audio quality and resistance to interference led to its eventual success, particularly in the realm of music broadcasting.

5. Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) Relationship: Armstrong had a close relationship with the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and its founder William S. Paley. He developed and promoted FM technology through CBS, but conflicts over patents and licensing led to legal disputes between Armstrong and the company.

Despite his contributions to the field, Armstrong faced personal and professional challenges, including legal battles that took a toll on his finances and mental well-being. Tragically, on 31 January 1954, Edwin Armstrong died by suicide. Despite his struggles, Armstrong's innovations continue to shape the field of radio communications, and he is remembered as a pioneering figure in the history of electronic communications.

31 January - Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.

 

On January 31, 1961, Ham the Chimp made history by becoming the first hominid in space. Ham, whose name stands for "Holloman Aerospace Medical Center," was a chimpanzee trained for space travel as part of NASA's Mercury program.

The Mercury-Redstone 2 (MR-2) mission, carrying Ham, was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, aboard the Mercury-Redstone 2 rocket. The primary objective of this mission was to test the safety and feasibility of sending a living organism into space and recovering it safely.

Ham's role during the mission was to perform simple tasks in response to visual and audio cues. He was trained to pull levers within a specified time after seeing a flashing light. The successful completion of these tasks was an indication that a living being could function in the weightlessness of space and perform tasks necessary for a human astronaut's safety.

The MR-2 flight lasted approximately 16 minutes and 39 seconds, reaching a maximum altitude of 157 miles (252 kilometers). Ham experienced about 6.6 minutes of weightlessness during the flight. The spacecraft successfully re-entered Earth's atmosphere, and Ham's capsule was recovered by the USS Donner.

Ham's mission provided valuable data that contributed to the understanding of how living organisms respond to the conditions of space travel. His successful journey paved the way for subsequent human spaceflights in the Mercury and subsequent space programs.

After the mission, Ham lived at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., before being transferred to the North Carolina Zoo, where he lived until his death in 1983. Ham's contributions to early space exploration are commemorated in the annals of space history.

 

31 January - Explorer I becomes the first successful American satellite to be launched

 

Explorer I was the first successful American satellite, and its successful launch marked the United States' entry into the space age. It was launched on January 31, 1958.

Key points about Explorer I:

1. Launch Date: Explorer I was launched on January 31, 1958, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

2. Purpose: The primary scientific goal of Explorer I was to conduct experiments in Earth's orbit and study cosmic rays. The satellite carried instrumentation designed by James Van Allen to measure the radiation environment in Earth's orbit.

3. Discovery of the Van Allen Radiation Belts: One of the significant scientific discoveries made by Explorer I was the identification of the Van Allen radiation belts, regions of intense radiation surrounding the Earth. This discovery provided valuable insights into the Earth's magnetosphere.

4. Launch Vehicle: Explorer I was launched aboard a Jupiter-C rocket, a modified Redstone ballistic missile. The successful launch was a significant achievement for the United States and followed the previous attempts of launching satellites, such as Vanguard TV3, which had failed in December 1957.

5. Project Vanguard: Explorer I was part of the United States' Project Vanguard, the nation's first satellite program. While the first attempt with Vanguard TV3 faced difficulties, Explorer I successfully reached orbit.

The successful launch of Explorer I marked a pivotal moment in the early space exploration efforts of the United States, contributing to both scientific knowledge and the space race during the Cold War. James Van Allen's instruments on Explorer I provided crucial data that laid the foundation for future space exploration missions.

 

31 January - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah became the 12th King of Nepal

 

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah, born on 28 December 1945, became the 12th King of Nepal on 31 January 1972. He succeeded his father, King Mahendra, who passed away on 31 January 1972. Birendra's full title was "Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev."

King Birendra played a significant role in the constitutional changes that Nepal underwent during his reign. In 1990, facing pro-democracy movements, he agreed to constitutional reforms that established a multiparty democracy and reduced the monarchy's powers. These changes transformed Nepal from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.

Tragically, King Birendra and several members of the royal family were killed in the Royal Palace Massacre on 01 June 2001. The circumstances surrounding the massacre were the subject of investigation and debate. After his death, his brother Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah ascended to the throne.

The events of 01 June 2001, had a profound impact on Nepal, leading to political and social changes. The country continued to undergo political transformations in the following years, including the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal in 2008.

 

31 January - International Zebra Day

 

International Zebra Day is observed every year on January 31. With their natural environment diminishing and increasing human development, these gentle animals are in danger. When habitats are threatened, animals, too, become endangered. International Zebra Day is all about raising awareness and what you can do to help in the conservation of this animal. Zebras are mostly found on the African continent, in the semi-desert areas of Kenya and Ethiopia, and the hilly areas of Namibia, Angola, and South Africa. You can easily identify a zebra by its unique black and white stripes.

31 January - Major Somnath Sharma birth anniversary

 

Major Somnath Sharma was an officer in the Indian Army and the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration for valor, posthumously. He was born on 31 January 1923, in Himachal Pradesh, India, and was commissioned into the Kumaon Regiment in 1942.

Major Sharma's actions during the First Kashmir War in 1947 exemplified extraordinary courage and leadership. On 03 November 1947, Pakistani tribal invaders attacked the Srinagar airport, and Major Sharma's unit was tasked with defending the strategic location of Badgam.

Despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned, Major Somnath Sharma and his men fought valiantly to hold the enemy at bay. During the intense battle, Major Sharma realized the importance of the airport for the defense of Srinagar and continued to encourage his men even after being seriously wounded.

Tragically, Major Somnath Sharma made the supreme sacrifice in the line of duty on that day. His leadership, bravery, and selfless dedication to the defense of the airport became legendary. He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra on 15 February 1950, for his exceptional valor and leadership during the battle.

Major Somnath Sharma's legacy lives on as a symbol of courage and sacrifice. The Param Vir Chakra awarded to him serves as a testament to his extraordinary bravery and his commitment to the defense of his country.

 

31 January - Suraiya Jamal Sheikh death anniversary

Suraiya Jamal Sheikh (15 June 1929 – 31 January 2004), popularly known by the mononym Suraiya, was a popular actress and playback singer in India's Hindi language films. She was active from 1936 to 1963.

In a career spanning from 1936 to 1963, Suraiya acted in 67 films and sang 338 songs. She was one of the greatest actresses of the Hindi Cinema and a leading lady in Hindi language films in the 1940s and 1950s.She was also a renowned playback singer, who mostly sang for herself, starting from a song in Nai Duniya (1942) when she was only 12 years old.

She was known for her North Indian Muslim feudal style acting or adakari in many of her films Suraiya made her first appearance as a child artist with the film Madame Fashion (1936), directed by Jaddan Bai. She made her acting debut with the film Taj Mahal in which she played the role of Mumtaz Mahal. In her heydays, she was known as Malika-e-Husn (queen of beauty), Malika-e-Tarannum (queen of melody) and Malika-e-Adakari (queen of acting). Suraiya was the highest-paid actress in the 1940s and 1950s and won several awards for her performances in Indian films.

30 January - ‘Canadian Naval Service’ was changed to ‘Royal Canadian Navy’ in 1911

 

On 30 January 1911, the name of the Canadian Naval Service was changed to the "Royal Canadian Navy." This change reflected the growing importance of the navy and Canada's increasing sense of national identity within the British Empire. The "Royal" designation acknowledged Canada's ties to the British monarchy. The Royal Canadian Navy played significant roles during World War I and World War II, contributing to Canada's naval efforts on the international stage.

30 January - Season for Nonviolence

 

The "Season for Nonviolence" is a 64-day international campaign dedicated to promoting nonviolence as a way of life and as a powerful tool for social transformation. The annual campaign spans from January 30 (the memorial day of Mahatma Gandhi) to April 4 (the anniversary of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.). The campaign was founded by Arun Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi's grandson, and The Association for Global New Thought.

Key aspects of the Season for Nonviolence:

1. Purpose: The Season for Nonviolence seeks to raise awareness about the philosophy and practice of nonviolence, inspire personal and social transformation, and encourage individuals and communities to actively engage in nonviolent actions.

2. Historical Significance: The chosen dates bracket the anniversaries of two key figures in the history of nonviolence—Mahatma Gandhi, a pioneer of nonviolent resistance, and Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent leader in the American civil rights movement who was inspired by Gandhi's principles.

3. Educational Events: During the Season for Nonviolence, various events, activities, and educational programs are organized worldwide. These initiatives aim to teach and promote the principles of nonviolence, tolerance, and understanding.

4. Community Involvement: The campaign encourages community involvement in promoting nonviolence, fostering compassion, and addressing social issues through peaceful means.

5. Local and Global Participation: The Season for Nonviolence is observed globally, involving a diverse range of organizations, schools, communities, and individuals. Local events may include workshops, seminars, peace marches, and other activities focused on nonviolence.

6. Inspiration from Gandhi and King: Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence (or ahimsa) and Martin Luther King Jr.'s commitment to nonviolent civil disobedience serve as guiding inspirations for the campaign.

7. Continued Impact: The Season for Nonviolence aims to have a lasting impact, promoting a culture of peace and nonviolence that extends beyond the 64-day campaign period.

This annual campaign is a call to action for individuals and communities to reflect on the principles of nonviolence, engage in constructive dialogue, and work towards creating a more just and peaceful world.

30 January - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi assassinated in 1869

 

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. He was born on 02 October 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat, India. Gandhi became a key figure in the fight for India's independence through his philosophy of nonviolent resistance, which he called "Satyagraha."

Key points about Mahatma Gandhi:

1. Early Life: Gandhi studied law in London and later worked as a lawyer in South Africa, where he first began his activism in civil rights.

2. Satyagraha: Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha, or nonviolent resistance, became a guiding principle in the Indian independence movement. He led campaigns of nonviolent civil disobedience against various British laws and policies.

3. Salt March: One of the most famous episodes in Gandhi's life was the Salt March (Dandi March) in 1930, a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest the British salt monopoly. This campaign drew international attention to the Indian independence movement.

4. Indian National Congress: Gandhi was associated with the Indian National Congress and played a crucial role in shaping the party's policies and strategies.

5. Role in Independence: Through a series of nonviolent protests, strikes, and campaigns, Gandhi contributed significantly to India gaining independence from British rule in 1947.

6. Partition of India: Gandhi was deeply troubled by the communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims during the process of India's independence, which eventually led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan.

7. Assassination: Tragically, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, in New Delhi. His death was a profound loss for the nation and the world.

8. Legacy: Mahatma Gandhi is remembered not only for his role in India's independence but also for his teachings on nonviolence, truth, and human dignity. He is a symbol of peace and a source of inspiration for movements advocating civil rights and social justice worldwide.

Gandhi's life and teachings continue to be studied, celebrated, and remembered globally, and he is often referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in India.

 

30 January - Night Air Mail Service introduced on 30th January 1949

 

The "Night Air Mail Service" was introduced on 30th January 1949 by the then Communication Minister, Mr. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, to rehabilitate the deteriorating postal service. When the Railway Mail Service and Motor Mail Service had reached saturation point, the only option left was to introduce Air Mail Service for the First Class Mail. As day time air service were running with full loads, night air service were planned. Before this period, night flying was not safe in the absence of security measures and equipment at Airports. The Night Air Mail scheme was an experiment towards night flying in India and for the introduction of the "All Up Scheme". Initially only mail was transported on N. A. S.

Under the N.A.S., the 4 principal cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and New Delhi, which are in 4 different corners of India, were linked with Nagpur. 4 night planes will leave, one each from these cities, for Nagpur, with a mail load from their region and will return to their home base in the early morning, after exchanging the mail at Nagpur.

The fight schedule was as follows as per Postal Notice No.65 dated 27.1.1949:

Night flying reduced considerably the time factor on mail from one place to another. Aircraft flying from Trivandrum to Srinagar used to make night halts at Madras and New Delhi. Now the mail can reach its destination on the next day.

It was decided that all classes of surcharged air mails will be forwarded by the Night Service wherever this provides acceleration in transit compared to other services. The Night Air Mail charges remained same which were prevailing that time viz., 1 anna for Envelopes and ? anna for Post Cards.

To give more volume of mail to N.A.S., it was decided to utilize, these special overnight services, for conveyance of Post Parcel by air ( to be introduced for the first time) in addition to Letter Mail, from the same date. The transmission by air of such parcels being restricted to these overnight services.

This scheme was strongly opposed by airline operators on various grounds. They wanted a guaranteed minimum payment, but the Government was not prepared to give such a guarantee, wishing to maintain the existing rates of carriage. Only Indian Overseas Airlines offered to work on the Government conditions.

The Air Transport Licensing Board granted a licence for operation of Night Airmail Service to Indian Overseas Air Lines Ltd.., for one month from 30th January 1949. At that time Indian Overseas Airline Ltd., had traffic offices at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bombay, Calcutta , Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Madras and Nagpur. The routes on which this Company was operating at that time were,

Bombay - Nagpur - Calcutta - Nagpur - Bombay.
Nagpur - Bangalore - Madras - Bangalore - Nagpur and
Nagpur - Jabalpur - Allahabad - Kanpur - Lucknow - Kanpur - Allahabad - Jabalpur - Nagpur. 

source: https://stampsofindia.com/readroom/b016.html

30 January - World Leprosy Day

 

World Leprosy Day is observed internationally every year on the last Sunday of January to increase the public awareness of leprosy or Hansen's Disease. This date was chosen by French humanitarian Raoul Follereau as a tribute to the life of Mahatma Gandhi who had compassion for people afflicted with leprosy. The day began to be observed in 1954.

Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded diseases in the world. It is an infectious chronic disease that targets the nervous system, especially the nerves in the cooler parts of the body: the hands, feet, and face. Pope Francis has spoken in support of the observation.

 

 

30 January - Charles I beheaded for treason in 1649

 

Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 upon the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiation. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.

After his 1625 succession, Charles quarreled with the English Parliament, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. He believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall.

From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645 at the hands of the Parliamentarian New Model Army, he fled north from his base at Oxford. Charles surrendered to a Scottish force and after lengthy negotiations between the English and Scottish parliaments he was handed over to the Long Parliament in London. Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, he forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648, the New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy was restored to Charles's son Charles II in 1660.

29 January - Laxmidas Purshottamdas Jai death anniversary

Laxmidas Purshottamdas Jai ( 01 April 1902 – 29 January 1968) was a major figure in Indian cricket between the wars.

Jai was born in a Gujarati family in Bombay. Jai was a graceful right-handed stroke-player. Most of his finer innings came in the Bombay Quadrangular competition. He captained Bombay to the title in the first-ever Ranji Trophy championship.

Because of the Hindu Gymkhana's opposition in protest against the jailing of Indian political leaders, Jai along with Vijay Merchant and Champak Mehta were unavailable for trial matches to select the Indian team that tours England in 1932.The tour included India's first ever Test match. His only Test was the first ever in India. He toured England in 1936 but a broken finger restricted his appearances.

He was a selector in the 1950s, before resigning over a dispute during the 1958/59 series against West Indies. The trophy awarded to the scorer of the fastest hundred in Ranji trophy every season was named after him. 

As was the case with cricketers prior to commercial sponsorships, Jai was employed by the Imperial Bank of India, later State Bank of India, by way of a job for life. This helped to nurture his hobby, philately. He became an eminent philatelist, being in a position to "rescue" every stamped envelope that came to the bank every day. He specialised in British Empire stamps.

Jai died on 29 January 1968 in Bombay from cardiac arrest
 

Above Travelled cover and FDC addressed to  Jai are a part of my collection

29 January - Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is first performed in 1895

 

On January 29, 1895, for the first time, William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was performed in a theater. Romeo and Juliet performed at the theater in London, England. The theater opened in 1577 and is the main venue for Shakespearean plays.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.

29 January - Abdus Salam birth anniversary

 

Abdus Salam (January 29, 1926 – November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to the field of theoretical physics. He was born in Jhang, British India (now in Pakistan) and later became a British and Pakistani citizen.

Salam shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for their contributions to the electroweak unification, which combines electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force into a single theory. This unified theory forms a crucial component of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Despite his notable scientific achievements, Abdus Salam faced challenges and discrimination in his home country due to his religious beliefs. He was an Ahmadi Muslim, a sect that has faced persecution in Pakistan. Salam worked internationally, particularly in Europe, and held positions at institutions such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

Abdus Salam passed away on November 21, 1996, in Oxford, United Kingdom. While he is celebrated for his contributions to physics, his story also highlights the complexities and challenges faced by scientists working in diverse cultural and religious contexts.

 

29 January - Teresa Teng birth anniversary

 

Teresa Teng was a renowned Taiwanese singer. She was born on January 29, 1953, in Baozhong, Yunlin, Taiwan, and passed away on May 8, 1995. Teresa Teng was one of the most beloved and popular Mandarin-language singers in Asia during the late 20th century. Her sweet and emotive voice captured the hearts of millions of fans, and her music transcended national borders.

Teng's career spanned several decades, and she recorded songs in various languages, including Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese, Indonesian, and English. Some of her most famous songs include "The Moon Represents My Heart," "Sweet as Honey," and "I Only Care About You." Teresa Teng's music continues to be cherished by listeners around the world, and she is often remembered as an iconic figure in the history of Chinese pop music.

29 January - Romain Rolland birth anniversary

 

Romain Rolland (29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French writer, dramatist, essayist, art historian, and mystic. He was born in Clamecy, Nièvre, France. Rolland is best known for his extensive and influential literary works, particularly the novel series "Jean-Christophe," for which he received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1915. He was a versatile intellectual and made notable contributions to literature, philosophy, and musicology. Romain Rolland was a prominent figure in the cultural and intellectual life of his time.

29 January - George III of the United Kingdom death anniversary

 

George III, whose full name was George William Frederick, was the King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from October 25, 1760, until his death. Here are the details of his birth and death:

• Born: 04 June 1738, in Norfolk House, St James's Square, London, Great Britain
• Died: 29 January 1820, at Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom

George III is often associated with the American Revolutionary War, during which the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence from British rule. His reign also witnessed significant political and social changes in Britain, including the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. However, in the later years of his reign, he faced health issues, including mental illness, which led to the appointment of a regent to carry out royal duties on his behalf.

 

29 January - Oprah Winfrey birth anniversary

 

Oprah Winfrey is a highly influential American media executive, television host, producer, actress, and philanthropist. Here are some key details about her:

• Born: 29 January 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi, United States

Oprah Winfrey is best known for her long-running talk show, "The Oprah Winfrey Show," which aired from 1986 to 2011. The show became one of the highest-rated talk shows in television history and made Oprah a household name. She has received numerous awards for her contributions to the entertainment industry.

Apart from her successful career in media, Oprah is also a successful businesswoman. She founded her own television network, the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), in 2011. Additionally, she has been involved in acting, producing, and philanthropy.

Oprah is known for her philanthropic work, including her support for education, health initiatives, and various charitable causes. She has received numerous accolades for her contributions to media and society, and she continues to be a prominent figure in American culture.

29 January - William McKinley birth anniversary

 

William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States. Here are some key details about him:

• Born: 29 January 1843, in Niles, Ohio, United States
• Died: 14 September 1901, in Buffalo, New York, United States

McKinley served as President from March 4, 1897, until his assassination in September 1901. He was known for leading the nation to victory in the Spanish-American War, which resulted in the acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Unfortunately, McKinley's presidency was cut short when he was shot by an anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, on 06 September 1901, during a public event in Buffalo. McKinley succumbed to his wounds on 14 September 1901. After McKinley's death, Theodore Roosevelt, the Vice President, assumed the presidency.

 

29 January - Walt Disney’s animated film ‘Sleeping Beauty’ is released.

 

Walt Disney's animated film "Sleeping Beauty" was released on January 29, 1959. The film is based on the fairy tale "La Belle au bois dormant" (The Beauty Sleeping in the Wood) by Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm's version, "Little Briar Rose."

"Sleeping Beauty" is known for its artistic and visual style, characterized by its use of hand-inked and hand-painted animation. The film features Princess Aurora, the evil Maleficent, and a cast of memorable characters. The musical score includes Tchaikovsky's compositions, adapting the ballet "Sleeping Beauty" into the film's soundtrack.

While "Sleeping Beauty" initially received mixed reviews upon its release, it has since gained recognition for its artistic achievements and has become a classic in the Disney animated film canon. The film's visual and artistic qualities, as well as its timeless story, have contributed to its enduring popularity over the years.

29 January - Karl Benz patents the gasoline-driven automobile.

 

Karl Benz, a German engineer and inventor, patented the gasoline-driven automobile on January 29, 1886. His patent, titled "Vehicle with gas engine operation," is considered a landmark in the history of the automobile.

Benz's invention was a three-wheeled vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by gasoline. The vehicle, known as the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, is widely regarded as the world's first true automobile. It featured a single-cylinder engine, a chassis, and other essential components that laid the foundation for the development of modern automobiles.

Karl Benz's groundbreaking invention revolutionized transportation, paving the way for the automotive industry. The Benz Patent-Motorwagen marked the beginning of a new era, ultimately leading to the widespread adoption of automobiles and the transformation of personal and industrial mobility.

29 January - Queen Liliuokalani, the last monarch and only woman to reign in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

 

Queen Liliuokalani, whose full name was Lydia Liliuokalani, was the last reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was born on 02 September 1838, in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, and she ascended to the throne on 29 January 1891, following the death of her brother, King Kalakaua.

Key points about Queen Liliuokalani:

1. Reign: Queen Liliuokalani's reign was marked by significant political challenges and changes. During her rule, efforts were made to draft a new constitution that would restore some powers to the monarchy, but these efforts were met with resistance from foreign and local interests.

2. Overthrow: In 1893, a group of American and European residents, with the support of the United States Minister to Hawaii, orchestrated the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, leading to the establishment of a provisional government. Queen Liliuokalani was forced to abdicate on 17 January 1893.

3. Imprisonment and Abdication: Following the overthrow, Queen Liliuokalani was briefly imprisoned in Iolani Palace. In 1895, she was put on trial for alleged involvement in a counter-revolutionary attempt known as the Wilcox Rebellion. She was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment, but her sentence was later commuted to house arrest.

4. Later Life: After her release, Liliuokalani lived in relative seclusion. She continued to advocate for the restoration of the Hawaiian monarchy and the rights of Native Hawaiians.

5. Death: Queen Liliuokalani passed away on 11 November 1917, at the age of 79, at her residence, Washington Place, in Honolulu.

6. Legacy: Liliuokalani is remembered for her musical talents and her contributions to Hawaiian culture. She composed several well-known Hawaiian songs, including "Aloha Oe." Her legacy includes efforts to preserve Hawaiian traditions and a continued recognition as a symbol of resistance against the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom.

In 1993, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution, known as the Apology Resolution, formally apologizing for the role of the United States in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii during Queen Liliuokalani's reign.

29 January - Swami Pranabananda Maharaj, founder of Bharat Seva Ashram Sangh was born

 

Swami Pranavananda also known as Yugācāryya Śrīmat Svāmī Praṇavānanda Jī Mahārāja.( 29 January 1896 – 08 January 1941)was a Hindu yogi and saint who founded a not-for-profit and spiritual organization known as the Bharat Sevashram Sangha.He is remembered for his pioneering efforts to bring the modern Hindu society into the new age without compromising the essential values of ancient traditions of Hindu spirituality.Swamiji was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of modern India. He is still revered very much for his message of universal love, compassion for all humanity and social reform without giving up the nationalist zeal, the love of mother land.

He was born on 29 January 1896, the auspicious day of Maghi Purnima (16th Magha, 1302), in a Bengali Kayasth family Bajitpur in a village in Faridpur District in undivided India (presently in Bangladesh). His parents Vishnu Charan Bhuia and Saradadevi were very pious and blessed by Lord Shiva to have a son for the mitigation of human suffering and universal emancipation. He was affectionately named Jaynath by his father at birth and later in his boyhood he was called Binod. Binod showed uncommon philosophical inclinations and had divine visions since childhood and often could be seen in deep contemplation at the village school. He was popular with the children of the locality because of his helpful nature

29 January - World Automobile Day

 

It was on January 29, 1886, that Karl Benz applied for a patent for this gas engine-powered vehicle, the first ever for the automobile industry. The patent which bore the number 37435 is widely regarded as the birth certificate of the automobile and since then January 29 is celebrated as World Automobile Day.

29 January - Auckland Anniversary Day

 

Auckland Anniversary Day is a public holiday observed in the northern half of the North Island of New Zealand, being the area's provincial anniversary day. It is observed throughout the historic Auckland Province, even though the provinces of New Zealand were abolished in 1876. The modern area of observation consists of all of the Northland (where it is known as Northland Day), Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Gisborne regions, as well as some parts of the Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay regions north of the 39th parallel.The holiday falls on the Monday closest to 29 January, the anniversary of the arrival of William Hobson, later the first Governor of New Zealand, in the country in 1840.

28 January - Jose Marti birth anniversary

 

José Martí (full name: José Julián Martí Pérez) was a Cuban poet, essayist, journalist, translator, and revolutionary. He was a key figure in the late 19th-century movement for Cuban independence from Spanish rule. Born on January 28, 1853, in Havana, Cuba, Martí became a symbol of the fight for Cuba's freedom.

Martí's writings and political activism aimed at achieving Cuban independence, social justice, and human rights. He spent much of his life in exile, advocating for the cause of Cuban liberation. Martí died in battle during the Cuban War of Independence on May 19, 1895, in Dos Ríos, Cuba. Despite his relatively short life, Martí's legacy endures, and he is considered a national hero in Cuba for his contributions to the country's struggle for independence.

28 January - Army Day (Armenia)

 

Armenia observes Army Day on January 28th. Army Day is a national holiday that honors the Armenian Armed Forces and celebrates the establishment of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The day is marked with various events, ceremonies, and activities to recognize the contributions and sacrifices of the military personnel in safeguarding the country.

28 January - Henry VIII of England death anniversary

 

Henry VIII, the second Tudor monarch and one of the most well-known English kings, was born on 28 June 1491. He was the son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 after the death of his father.

Henry VIII's death occurred on 28 January 1547. He died at the Palace of Whitehall in London at the age of 55. Henry VIII had a significant impact on English history, particularly due to his six marriages, his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, and the dissolution of the monasteries. He was succeeded by his son, Edward VI.

28 January - Henry VII birth anniversary

 

Henry VII, the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty and the King of England, was born on 28 January 1457. He was born at Pembroke Castle in Wales. Henry VII became King of England after winning the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, marking the end of the Wars of the Roses.

Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, at the age of 52. His death occurred at Richmond Palace in Surrey, England. Henry was succeeded by his son, who became King Henry VIII. Henry VII's reign is often seen as a period of stability and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty, which played a crucial role in shaping the course of English history.

28 January - U.S. Space Shuttle Challenger exploded in 1986

 

The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on 28 January 1986, when the NASA Space Shuttle orbiter Challenger (OV-099) broke apart just 73 seconds into its flight. The tragic incident resulted in the deaths of all seven crew members on board and had a profound impact on the U.S. space program.

Key points about the Challenger disaster:

1. Mission STS-51-L: The Challenger was on mission STS-51-L, a mission that attracted significant attention as it included Christa McAuliffe, a civilian school teacher, as a payload specialist. McAuliffe was selected to be the first private citizen in space as part of NASA's Teacher in Space Project.

2. Launch and Disaster: The Challenger lifted off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 11:38 a.m. EST on January 28, 1986. Just 73 seconds into the flight, the shuttle's external fuel tank suffered a catastrophic failure, leading to the breakup of the orbiter. The cause of the disaster was later identified as the failure of an O-ring seal in one of the shuttle's solid rocket boosters, exacerbated by unusually cold weather on the day of the launch.

3. Crew Members: The seven crew members who lost their lives in the Challenger disaster were:

   • Francis R. Scobee (Commander)
   • Michael J. Smith (Pilot)
   • Ronald McNair (Mission Specialist)
   • Ellison S. Onizuka (Mission Specialist)
   • Judith A. Resnik (Mission Specialist)
   • Gregory Jarvis (Payload Specialist)
   • Christa McAuliffe (Payload Specialist/Teacher in Space)

4. Impact and Investigation: The Challenger disaster had a profound impact on NASA and the space program. It led to a suspension of the Space Shuttle program for more than two years as an extensive investigation took place to determine the causes of the tragedy. The Rogers Commission, appointed to investigate the disaster, identified technical and organizational failures as contributing factors.

5. Recovery and Changes: The Space Shuttle program eventually resumed with a redesigned external tank and various safety improvements. The Challenger disaster resulted in a reevaluation of NASA's safety procedures and led to changes in the organization's culture and decision-making processes.

The Challenger disaster remains a somber moment in the history of space exploration, serving as a reminder of the risks associated with human spaceflight and the importance of continual vigilance in ensuring the safety of astronauts.

 

28 January - Data Protection Day

 

Data Protection Day, also known as Data Privacy Day, is an international event held annually on January 28th. It is a day dedicated to raising awareness about the importance of privacy, data protection, and online security. The day is observed to encourage individuals, businesses, and organizations to take steps to safeguard their personal and sensitive information.

Key objectives and activities associated with Data Protection Day include:

1. Awareness Campaigns: Organizations, government agencies, and privacy advocates conduct awareness campaigns to educate the public about the significance of protecting personal data and privacy in the digital age.

2. Educational Initiatives: Many educational institutions organize events, seminars, and workshops to educate students, teachers, and parents about online privacy, safe online practices, and the potential risks associated with the misuse of personal information.

3. Policy Discussions: Data Protection Day often serves as a platform for policymakers, privacy experts, and industry leaders to discuss and address current and emerging challenges related to data protection and privacy laws.

4. Industry Best Practices: Businesses and technology companies use this day to emphasize the importance of incorporating strong privacy practices into their operations. They may release guidelines, tips, and tools to help individuals and organizations protect their data.

5. Online Safety Tips: Online safety tips and best practices are shared widely on Data Protection Day, covering topics such as secure password management, avoiding phishing scams, and using encryption tools.

6. Global Collaboration: The day is observed globally, with various countries and regions participating in activities to promote data protection and privacy on both a local and international scale.

Data Protection Day serves as a reminder for individuals to be mindful of how their personal information is collected, used, and shared, both online and offline. It also encourages the development and enforcement of privacy laws and regulations to ensure that individuals have control over their own data and that organizations handle it responsibly.

 

28 January - The Calcutta Medical College in West Bengal started in 1835

 

The Calcutta Medical College, one of the oldest medical colleges in Asia, was established in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. It was founded on 28 January 1835, during British colonial rule. The establishment of the Calcutta Medical College was a significant step in the history of medical education in India.

Key points about Calcutta Medical College:

1. Foundation: The Calcutta Medical College was founded by Lord William Bentinck, who was the Governor-General of India at that time. The college was established to address the need for trained medical professionals in the region.

2. Early Years: In its early years, the Calcutta Medical College played a crucial role in producing qualified doctors and medical professionals. It contributed significantly to healthcare and medical education in the Indian subcontinent.

3. Architecture: The college's main building, known for its architectural significance, was designed by W. Fitzgerald and constructed in the neoclassical style. It is considered an iconic structure in Kolkata.

4. Teaching Hospital: The college is associated with the Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, which serves as its teaching hospital. The hospital is an integral part of medical education and healthcare services in the region.

5. Notable Alumni: Over the years, Calcutta Medical College has produced many distinguished medical professionals who have contributed to various fields of medicine and healthcare.

6. Evolution: The institution has evolved over time, adapting to changing medical education standards and practices. It remains a prominent medical college in India.

Calcutta Medical College continues to be an important center for medical education, training, and research in West Bengal. It has played a vital role in shaping the medical landscape of the region and contributing to advancements in healthcare.

28 January - Sohrab Modi death anniversary

 

Sohrab Modi (1897–1984) was an Indian film actor, director, and producer who played a significant role in the early years of Indian cinema. He was born on 02 November 1897, in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. Sohrab Modi was known for his contributions to historical and mythological films and is considered a pioneer in the Indian film industry.

Here are some key points about Sohrab Modi:

1. Pioneer in Indian Cinema: Sohrab Modi was one of the early pioneers of Indian cinema. He began his career as a stage actor and later transitioned to films, making a mark in both silent and talkie era movies.

2. Minerva Movietone: In 1932, Modi founded his own film production company called Minerva Movietone, which became known for producing films with historical and mythological themes. His films often featured grand sets and costumes.

3. Master of Historical Films: Sohrab Modi was particularly known for his historical and mythological films. One of his most famous works is the film "Sikandar" (1941), which depicted the life of Alexander the Great. The film was a massive success and established Modi's reputation.

4. Notable Films: Apart from "Sikandar," some of his other notable films include "Pukar" (1939), "Jhansi Ki Rani" (1953), and "Mirza Ghalib" (1954), a biographical film about the famous Urdu and Persian poet.

5. Acting Career: In addition to directing and producing, Sohrab Modi was also a respected actor. He appeared in various films, showcasing his talent as an actor in addition to his skills behind the camera.

6. Awards: Sohrab Modi received several awards for his contributions to Indian cinema, including the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, which is one of the most prestigious awards in the Indian film industry, honoring lifetime achievement.

7. Legacy: Sohrab Modi's films are remembered for their grandeur, historical accuracy, and cinematic vision. He played a crucial role in shaping the early years of Indian cinema and left a lasting impact on the industry.

Sohrab Modi passed away on 28 January 1984, but his legacy as a filmmaker and actor continues to be celebrated in the Indian film industry.