H.M. King´s Birthday is celebrated on July 28 every year in Thailand. The day commemorates the King of Thailand´s birthday, Vajiralongkorn, who was born on this day in 1952. He is the only son of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit.
When he was 20, he was made crown prince by his father. In 2022, he turns and many celebrations will be held in his name because he is of importance to the Thai people.
The First World War, also known as World War I, was a global conflict that took place from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. It involved many of the world's great powers divided into two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers.
The immediate cause of the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Bosnian Serb nationalist. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, leading to a series of events and cascading alliances that eventually drew numerous countries into the conflict.
The main belligerents in the war were:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
The First World War was characterized by trench warfare on the Western Front, where soldiers fought in elaborate systems of trenches that stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland. The war was marked by heavy casualties, including millions of deaths and wounded soldiers, as well as significant social, political, and economic upheavals.
Numerous battles and offensives occurred during the war, including the Battle of the Marne, Battle of Verdun, Battle of the Somme, and the Battle of Passchendaele, among others.
In 1917, the United States entered the war, which eventually tipped the balance in favor of the Allies. The Central Powers began to collapse, and on November 11, 1918, an armistice was signed, effectively ending the fighting.
The First World War had profound and far-reaching consequences. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, leading to bitterness and economic hardships in the country. The war also contributed to the rise of extremist ideologies and ultimately set the stage for World War II.
The war's impact on societies and the human toll it took made it one of the most significant events of the 20th century, shaping the course of history in various ways.
On 28 July 1914, The S.S Komagata Maru was forced to leave Vancouver and sailed for India.
The Komagata Maru incident involved the Japanese steamship Komagata Maru, on which a group of citizens of the British Raj attempted to emigrate to Canada in 1914, but were denied entry and forced to return to Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), India. There they were fired upon by Indian Imperial Police, resulting in the deaths of 20 Sikhs.
Komagata Maru sailed from British Hong Kong, via Shanghai, China, and Yokohama, Japan, to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1914, carrying 376 passengers from Punjab, British India. Of them, 24 were admitted to Canada, but the other 352 passengers were not allowed to disembark in Canada, and the ship was forced to return to India.The passengers comprised 337 Sikhs, 27 Muslims and 12 Hindus, all Punjabis and British subjects. This was one of several incidents in the early 20th century in which exclusion laws in Canada and the United States were used to exclude immigrants of Asian origin.
Buffalo Soldiers Day is a commemorative holiday in the United States that honors the legacy and contributions of the Buffalo Soldiers, a group of African American soldiers who served in the U.S. Army in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
The Buffalo Soldiers were initially formed in 1866 following the end of the Civil War. They were assigned to the all-black regiments of the 9th and 10th Cavalry and the 24th and 25th Infantry. The name "Buffalo Soldiers" was given to them by Native American tribes they encountered during their campaigns in the western frontier. The name is believed to have been a term of respect, likening the soldiers' fierce fighting spirit to that of the buffalo, a symbol of strength in some Native American cultures.
Buffalo Soldiers played a significant role in various military campaigns, including the Indian Wars, the Spanish-American War, and the Philippine-American War. Despite facing racial discrimination and segregation within the military and society at large, the Buffalo Soldiers demonstrated remarkable bravery, dedication, and professionalism in their service.
Buffalo Soldiers Day is observed annually on July 28th in the United States. It serves as a day to remember and recognize the accomplishments and sacrifices of these African American soldiers and their contributions to the nation's history and military heritage. Various events, ceremonies, and educational activities are held across the country to honor and commemorate the Buffalo Soldiers on this day.
Baruch Samuel Blumberg, also known as Barry Blumberg, was an American physician, geneticist, and virologist who made significant contributions to the field of medicine. He was born on July 28, 1925, in Brooklyn, New York, and passed away on April 5, 2011.
Blumberg's most notable achievement came in 1976 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the development of a vaccine against it. His work not only led to the prevention of a potentially deadly disease but also paved the way for advancements in the understanding and control of other infectious diseases.
During his research, Blumberg identified an antigen present in the blood of Australian aborigines that was linked to the occurrence of hepatitis B. This antigen was later named the "Australia antigen" (now known as the hepatitis B surface antigen, or HBsAg). His discovery of the Australia antigen allowed the development of blood tests to detect hepatitis B infection, and it was a crucial step in the creation of the first effective hepatitis B vaccine.
In addition to his work on hepatitis B, Blumberg was involved in other areas of medical research, including the study of genetic factors in susceptibility to infectious diseases and the genetic basis of various conditions.
Blumberg's contributions to science and medicine were not limited to his research achievements. He was an advocate for science education and international collaboration in scientific research. He served as the Master of Balliol College at the University of Oxford from 1989 to 1994 and was also associated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the Principal Investigator for the Astrobiology Institute.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, often known simply as Jackie Kennedy or Jackie O, was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. She was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier on July 28, 1929, in Southampton, New York, and she passed away on May 19, 1994.
Jacqueline Kennedy became First Lady of the United States when her husband, John F. Kennedy, was inaugurated as President in January 1961. During her time as First Lady, she was admired for her elegance, style, and grace. She was known for her interest in the arts, culture, and historic preservation, and she played an important role in renovating and restoring the White House.
Tragically, Jacqueline Kennedy became a widow on November 22, 1963, when President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Her poise and composure during that difficult time were widely praised and endeared her to many Americans.
In 1968, Jacqueline Kennedy married Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis, and she became known as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. After Onassis' death in 1975, she worked as a book editor in New York City.
Throughout her life, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis remained a prominent figure in American public life and continued to be an icon of style and grace. Her contributions to the arts and historic preservation, as well as her resilience during times of personal tragedy, have left a lasting impact on the nation's collective memory.
On 28 July 1858, William James Herschel became the first to use fingerprints for identification.
William James Herschel, joined the East India Company, and in 1853 was posted to Bengal.
Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, Herschel became a member of the Indian Civil Service, and was posted to Jungipoor. On 28 July 1858 he drew up a contract with a local man, Mr Konai, for the supply of road-making materials. In order to prevent Konai denying his signature at a later date, Herschel made him put a hand-print on the document.
Herschel continued to experiment with hand-prints, soon realising that only fingers needed to be used. He collected prints from friends and family, and came to the conclusion that a person's fingerprints do not change over time. He suggested to the governor of Bengal that fingerprints should be used on legal documents, in order to prevent impersonation and the repudiation of contracts, but this suggestion was not acted upon.
Jagdish Chandra Jain (20 January 1909 – 28 July 1993) was a scholar, indologist, educationist, writer, and freedom fighter during the freedom struggle of India. He authored over 80 books on a variety of subjects, including Jain philosophy, Prakrit literature, and Hindi textbooks for children. Jain was the chief prosecution witness in Gandhi's murder trial. He repeatedly tried to warn the government of the conspiracy to assassinate Mahatma Gandhi, which became to known to him after Madan Lal Pahwa, a Punjabi refugee and one of the conspirators of the murder of Mahatma Gandhi, confided to him of their plan. Jain's attempts to warn the government met deaf ears. He recounted his personal experiences in two books: I Could Not Save Bapu and The Forgotten Mahatma. He died from cardiac arrest in July 1993 in Bombay at the age of 84.
In July 1993, Jain died from cardiac arrest in Bombay (Mumbai).To pay tribute, the government of India released a commemorative postal stamp in his memory. The Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) also named the street of his residence after his name.
Giosuè Carducci was an Italian poet and literary critic who is considered one of the most important figures in Italian literature. He was born on July 27, 1835, in Valdicastello, a small village in Tuscany, Italy, and he passed away on February 16, 1907, in Bologna, Italy.
Carducci's poetry played a crucial role in the cultural and political landscape of Italy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a key figure in the literary movement known as the Scapigliatura, which sought to break away from the traditional literary conventions of the time and embrace more innovative and progressive forms of expression.
Carducci's poetry often celebrated the history, traditions, and landscapes of Italy, as well as the ideals of liberty and independence. He was known for his use of vivid imagery, strong emotions, and skillful craftsmanship in his poems. One of his most famous works is the collection "Rime Nuove" (New Rhymes), published in 1887, which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1906.
In addition to his contributions to poetry, Giosuè Carducci was also a respected literary critic and scholar. He held academic positions at various universities and was appointed as a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. His advocacy for Italian culture and language helped shape the country's national identity during a crucial period in its history.
