13 May - Red Fort construction completed in 1648

 

The construction of the Red Fort in Delhi was completed on 13 May 1648. The Red Fort, also known as Lal Qila, is a historic fortification located in Old Delhi, India. It was commissioned by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who is renowned for constructing several iconic structures, including the Taj Mahal.

The Red Fort served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years, until the capital of the Mughal Empire shifted to Agra. The fort's construction took approximately ten years to complete and involved the efforts of thousands of workers.

The Red Fort is renowned for its stunning architecture, blending Mughal, Persian, and Indian architectural styles. It is made primarily of red sandstone, which gives the fort its distinctive appearance. The complex is surrounded by high walls and encompasses several exquisite structures, including palaces, gardens, audience halls, and mosques.

 

13 May - Zakir Husain elected the 3rd President of India in 1967

 

Zakir Husain (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was the 3rd President of India. He was the first Muslim president of Indian nation and also the first to die in office. Zahir Husain was the shortest serving president of India. He previously served as the second Vice-President of India and Governor of Bihar. Zakir Husain was also the co-founder of Jamia Milia Islamia. He served as its Vice-Chancellor. Under Husain, Jamia became closely to the Indian freedom movement.

Zakir Husain was born in Hyderabad, Telangana in 8 February 1897.He became the Governor of Bihar in 1957 to 1962. Later he became the 2nd Vice President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He served in the post from 13 May 1962 to 12 May 1967.In 13 May 1967 he was elected as the 3rd President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.He was the Muslim President of India.But his term was short-lived. He died in New Delhi on 3 May 1969 and became the 1st President to die in the office period. 

13 May - Charles Edouard Guillaume death anniversary

 

He was born on 15 February 1861, in Fleurier, Switzerland. He got his Ph.D. in 1882 for his thesis on electrolytic capacitors.

Guillaume joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Sevres, in 1883 and became director in 1915. He did a lot of research on the mercury thermometer and discovered that the liter contained 1,000.028 cubic centimeters, not 1,000.000 cubic centimeters as had been assumed.

In 1890, he started studying alloys after he observed that nickel-iron alloys expanded. His research led to the discovery of a nickel-iron alloy called ‘Invar’ in 1896. The discovery of ‘Invar’ led to the successful duplication of the meter bar.

A few years later, in the late 1890s, he worked in collaboration with Chenevard and the Imphy steel laboratory to develop a variation of Invar; a nickel-steel alloy called ‘Elinvar’; it had a low thermoelastic coefficient even after being heated up. Elinvar contains 59% iron, 36% nickel, and 5% chromium.

He wrote several books throughout his life, including: “Studies on Thermometry” (1986), “Treatise on Thermometry,” “Units and Standards” (1894), “X–Rays” (1896), “Investigations on Nickel and its Alloys” (1898), “The Life of Matter” (1999), “Metrical Convention and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures” (1902), “Applications of Nickel-Steels” (1904), “States of Matter” (1907, 1913), “Recent Progress in Metric System” (1907, 1913) and so on.

Charles Edouard Guillaume died on 13 May 1938, in Sevres, France.

13 May - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed birth anniversary

 

 

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977) was an Indian politician who served as the fifth President of India from 1974 until his death in 1977. He was born on May 13, 1905, in Delhi, India. Ahmed came from a distinguished family, and his father, Colonel Zalnur Ali Ahmed, was a prominent lawyer.

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed completed his education in India and the United Kingdom. He obtained his bachelor's degree from St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and then went on to study law at the University of Cambridge. After returning to India, he joined the Bar and began practicing law.

Ahmed was actively involved in the Indian independence movement and was associated with the Indian National Congress. After India gained independence in 1947, he held various positions in the government. He served as the Minister of Revenue and Agriculture in Assam, and later became the Minister of Finance and Revenue in the Central Cabinet.

In 1974, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was elected as the President of India. His tenure as President was marked by political challenges, including the declaration of a state of emergency in 1975. During the emergency period, several civil liberties were suspended, and there were widespread allegations of human rights abuses.

On February 3, 1977, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed passed away while still in office. He was the second President of India to die in office. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed's contributions to the nation and his service as President are remembered in Indian history.

 

12 May - Florence Nightingale birth anniversary

 

Florence Nightingale, born on 12 May 1820, was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers

12 May - USA celebrates National Hospital Day

 

National Hospital Day is observed annually on May 12 and aims to educate the public about medical examinations and treatments. Officially declared by former U.S. President Warren G. Harding, the holiday was observed for the first time on May 12, 1921. The idea was conceived by Matthew O. Foley, a Chicago-based editor, as a way to reawaken public trust and confidence in the medical sector in the aftermath of the deadly Spanish Flu, which claimed millions of lives. May 12 was chosen as the date to commemorate the birthday of Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing.

12 May - Minna Canth death anniversary

 

Minna Canth (19 March 1844 – 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist. She is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in Finnish literature and is celebrated as a champion of women’s rights and social justice.

Canth was also a prominent social activist, and she used her writing to promote social reform. She was particularly concerned with the rights of women and the poor, and she used her position as a writer to advocate for their rights. She was involved in a number of social organizations, including the Finnish Women’s Association, and she campaigned for better working conditions and improved education for women.

Canth died on 12 May 1897 at the age of 53, leaving behind a legacy as one of Finland’s most important writers and social activists. Her work continues to be studied and celebrated today, and she is remembered as a pioneer in the fight for women’s rights and social justice in Finland.

12 May - Katharine Hepburn - American stage and film actress was born

 

Katharine Hepburn (12 May 1907 – 29 June 2003), indomitable American stage and film actress, known as a spirited performer with a touch of eccentricity. She introduced into her roles a strength of character previously considered to be undesirable in Hollywood leading ladies. She was born on 12 May 1907.

12 May - International Nurses Day

 

 International Nurses Day (IND) is an international day observed around the world on 12 May (the anniversary of Florence Nightingale's birth) each year, to mark the contributions that nurses make to society.

11 May - Minnesota became a state of the United States in 1858

 

Minnesota became a state of the United States on May 11, 1858. Prior to that, it was a territory under the control of the United States government. The United States acquired the area through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and it was initially part of the larger Northwest Territory. Over time, the region was organized into various territories, including the Minnesota Territory, before eventually achieving statehood. The process of becoming a state involved the drafting of a state constitution and approval by the U.S. Congress. Minnesota's admission as the 32nd state of the United States marked its formal incorporation into the Union.